Motor Proficiency In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Associations With Cognitive Skills And Symptom Severity

Objectives: Of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 45-70% have motor skill problems, which can adversely affect social competence, peer relations, and academic skills. The aim of this study is to assess motor skills in school-aged children with ADHD, and to elucidate if there are any relationships between ADHD symptoms and cognitive function. Method: Included in this study were 58 children (38 ADHD, 20 controls) between 8-11 years of age. Children were diagnosed with ADHD via the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children Present and Lifetime Version. The parents were asked to fill out the Conner's' Parent Rating Scale - Revised Short Turkish Form to determine the symptom domains and the symptom severity. The Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale-IV was used to assess cognitive skills, and the Bruininks -Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test was used to assess motor skills. Results: Children with ADHD had impaired performance in many motor skill areas compared to the controls. Impairments in fine motor skills were correlated with problems in attention, working memory, and processing speed. In the ADHD group, age was not correlated with motor skills enhancement. Conclusion: The multistage clinical evaluation of ADHD should include screening for problems in motor skills. If deficiencies are found, the child should be clinically evaluated for motor proficiency and, if necessary, should be referred for appropriate objective assessment and intervention programs.WoSScopu

Reliability And Validity Of The Schedule For Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia For School-Age Children-Present And Lifetime Version, Dsm-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-Sads-Pl-Dsm-5-T)

Objective: The aim of this study was evaluate the reliability and validity of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016 -Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Method: A total of 150 children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age were assessed with K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T. The degree of agreement between the DSM-5 criteria diagnoses and the K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T diagnoses were considered as the measure of consensus validity. In addition, concurrent validity was examined by analyzing the correlation between the diagnoses on K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T and relevant scales. Interrater reliabilities were assessed on randomly selected 20 participants. Likewise, randomly selected 20 other participants were interviewed with K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T three weeks after the first interview to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results: The consistency of diagnoses was almost perfect for eating disorders, selective mutism and autism spectrum disorder (K=0.92-1.0), substantial for elimination disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, depressive disorders, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (K=0.67-0.80). Interrater reliability was perfect for selective mucism (K=1.0), substantial for oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depressive disorders and social anxiety disorder (K=0.63-0.73). Test-retest reliability was almost perfect for autism spectrum disorder (K=0.82), substantial for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (K=0.62-0.78). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T is an effective instrument for diagnosing major childhood psychiatric disorders including selective mutism, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and autism spectrum disorder which have recently been added to the schedule.WoSScopu