Histomorphometric examination of the pineal gland in foals and adult horses

WOS: 000425921400014This study was conducted to evaluate the pineal glands of the foal and adult horses with histomorphometry. The pineal glands were sectioned at a thickness of 40 mu m and stained with AgNOR for stereological analyses. The weight and volume of the pineal gland as well as the number of pinealocytes were significantly higher in the adult horses (P=0.009). However, the number of pinealocytes in per volume was similar between foals and adult horses. Such data indicate that growth in the size of the gland is related to increase in the number of pinealocytes. The pinealocyte nucleus is significantly larger in adults (P=0.009). Such a size difference should be further investigated if it is due to an increase in the number of cells with increased DNA content. Melanin was distributed throughout the foal pineal gland whereas it was focally localized to connective tissue in adults. The different patterns in melanin distribution suggest that foals and adult horses may differ by means of melanin metabolism in the pineal gland

Hindi (Meleagris gallopavo) Bursa fabricius’unun taramalı elektron ve ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmesi.

Gültiken ME, Yıldız D, Karahan S, Bolat D. Hindi (Meleagris gallopavo) Bursa fabricius’unun taramalı elektron ve ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2010, 26, 2, 69-73 Amaç: Hindide Bursa fabricius’un morfolojisinin belirli dönemlerde incelenmesi ve dönemlere göre morfometrik analizinin taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve ışık mikroskobu kullanılarak yapılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 1-24 haftalığa kadar toplam 50 hindiye ait Bursa fabricius’lar kullanıldı. Hayvanların ve nekropsi sonrası Bursa fabricius’ların ağırlıkları belirlendi. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile yapılacak çalışma öncesi dokular gluteraldehit ile tespit edildikten sonra mikroskop kullanılarak görüntüler elde edildi. Histolojik çalışma için dokular rutin histolojik takip sonrası Mallory’s triple ve Haematoxylen-eosin ile boyanarak ışık mikroskobu ile incelendi. Bulgular: Morfometrik veriler Bursa fabricius’un maksimum büyüklüğüne 9. haftada ulaştığını gösterdi. Dokuzuncu haftayı takiben Bursa fabricius ağırlığındaki azalma hindide involusyonun bu dönemi takiben şekillenmeye başladığını gösterdi. Taramalı elektron mikroskop ile yapılan incelemelerde Bursa fabricius lumenine uzanan plica yüzeylerindeki kubbe şeklindeki epitel görüntüsünün 5. ve 9. haftalarda en belirgin ve düzgün olarak tespit edildi. İlerleyen haftalarda (13. ve 24.) Bu manzarada dikkat çekici bir düzensizlik gözlendi. Öneri: Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların, ilerde yapılacak çalışmalara ve hindi aşılama programlarına katkı yapacağı düşünülmektedir.Gultiken ME, Yildiz D, Karahan S, Bolat D. Scanning electron and light microscopic investigation of Bursa fabricius in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2010, 26, 2, 69-73 Aim: The aim of this study was postnatal investigation of morphometric features of Bursa fabricius in Turkey by using scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Materials and Methods: One 1-24 week old 50 turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) were used. Their Bursa fabriciuses were taken out after the necropsy and weighted. Tissues were fixed with glutaraldehyde, examined and photographed under scanning electron microscope. For histological examination, tissues were prepared using routine histologic methods and stained with Mallory’s triple and Hematoxylen-Eosine. Results: The morphometric data concerning turkey ducklings used in the study showed that Bursa fabricius reaches its maximum size at the 9th week. The decrease in the weight of Bursa fabricius following the week of 9 proved that involution session in the turkey begins after that period. On the investigation performed by means of scanning electron microscopy, dome shaped surface epithelium which covers subepithelial lymph follicles on the surface was determined to be most clear in the 5th and 9th weeks. There was a distinct irregularity of this appearance in the following weeks ($13^ {th}$ and $24^ {th}$). Conclusion: It was concluded that the results may contribute to the researches which relate to humoral immunity formation and effectiveness of vaccination programme

Immünohistochemical determination of aB-crystallin distribution in the dog central nervous system

Polipeptid yapısında olan aB-Kristallin, lensin ana bileşenlerinden multimerik protein a-kristallin iki alt ünitesinden (aA ve aB) birisidir. aB-Kristallin, moleküler şaperon ve ısı şok proteini olarak protein katlanmalarındaki yanlışları önler ve anti-apoptotik özellikleri vardır. Bu çalışmada, aB-kristallinin köpek merkezi sinir sistemi (MSS)'ndeki ekspresyonu; beyin, beyincik, bulbus olfaktorius, hipofiz, medulla oblongata, ammon boynuzu, hipotalamus ve servikal omurilikten alınan doku örneklerinde immünohistokimyasal teknikle incelendi. aB-kristallin ekspresyonuna, hipofiz hariç incelenen tüm MSS bölgelerinde glial hücrelerde rastlandı. Nöronlarda ise pozitif reaksiyon gözlenmedi. aB-Kristallin/ 2',3'-siklik nükleotid 3'-fosfodiesteraz (CNPase) ikili immünohistokimyasal boyamada, immünoreaktif glia hücrelerinin CNPase pozitif oligodendrositler oldukları belirlendi ve kristallin immünoreaktivitesine özellikle ak madde ve boz maddenin ak maddeye yakın katmanlarındaki oligodendrositlerde rastlandı. Omurilik beyaz ve boz maddesinde oldukça fazla sayıda aB-kristallin pozitif oligodendrositler saptanırken; ak maddede oldukça sınırlı sayıda aB-kristallin pozitif, CNPase negatif glia hücreleri gözlendi. aB-Kristallin immünoreaktivitesi hücrelerin sitoplazmalarında yoğun, çekirdeklerinde ise daha zayıftı. Bu çalışmada, normal köpek MSS'nde özellikle oligodendrositlerde saptanan aB-kristallin'in, myelin temel proteini gibi oligodendrositler tarafından yoğun olarak sentezlenen fonksiyonel proteinlerin yapısının korunmasında görev alabileceği sonucuna varıldı.aB-Crystallin is one of two subunits of multimeric protein a-crystallin (aAand aB), which is a major component of the lens. As a molecular chaperon and heat shock protein, aB-Crystallin prevents false protein folding and has anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, aB-crystallin expression was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) using the tissues collected from the cerebrum, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, pituitary gland, medulla oblongata, cornu ammonis, hypothalamus and cervical spinal cord. Except in the pituitary, aB-crystallin immunolocalized in glial cells in all nervous tissues investigated. No immunoreactivity was observed in neurons. In double staining of aB-crystallin and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), the immunoreactive glial cells were determined to be CNPase positive as oligodendrocytes. Immunoreactive oligodendrocytes located mainly the in the white matter and the layers of the gray matter adjacent to the white matter. However, the spinal cord had numerous aB-kristallin positive oligodendrocytes both in the white and gray matters. In the white matter of the spinal cord, a limited number of glial cells were positive for aB-crystallin, but negative for CNPase. aB-Crystallin immunoreactivity was weak in cytoplasm but very light in the nucleus. As observed in oligodendrocytes of normal dog CNS tissues, aB-crystallin may have roles in anti-apoptotic process of oligodendrocytes and prevention false folding of proteins such as myelin basic protein, which is synthesized intensively by oligodendrocytes

Cerebellum progesterone concentration decreased in canine distemper virus infection

/0000-0002-0636-4214WOS: 000244921000006PubMed: 16919304Progesterone has neuroprotective effects including augmentation of myelination in the central and peripheral nervous system. This study was designed to determine if demyelinating lesions in the cerebellum resulting from canine distemper virus (CDV) infection are associated with progesterone levels. Progesterone was measured using radioinummoassay in samples of the cerebellum, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata, parietal, frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma collected from ten CDV infected and six non-infected dogs. The cerebellum progesterone level was significantly different between CDV infected (0.66 +/- 0.09 ng/g) and control dogs (1.14 +/- 0.09 ng/g) (p 0.05). The cerebellum progesterone level was also significantly different between acute (0.71 +/- 0.05 ng/g) and chronic cases (0.61 +/- 0.09 ng/g) (p < 0.05). The CDV infected cerebella were also categorized histopathologically according to the severity of demyelinating lesions as mild (n = 5), moderate (n = 2), or severe (n = 3) among which the cerebellum progesterone level was significantly different (p < 0.05). Progesterone concentration was 0.71 +/- 0.05 ng/g in mild, 0.65 +/- 0.10 ng/g in moderate, and 0.56 +/- 0.07 ng/g in severe cases. In conclusion, progesterone concentration decreases in the cerebellum in CDV infection and the severity of demyelinating lesions is the greatest in cerebella with the lowest progesterone concentrations. The results suggest that local impairment of progesterone metabolism may be associated with the initiation and progression of cerebellar lesions in CDV infection. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Ankaferd Blood Stopper Ile Güçlendirilmiş Plateletten Zengin Fibrin Membranin Deneysel Kemik Defektlerinde Yönlendirilmiş Doku Rejenerasyonu Üzerine Etkileri

Background and Aim: To evaluate the effects of AnkaferdBlood Stopper added platelet-rich fibrin administered incranial bone defects created in rabbits via histomorphometricassessment.Materials and Method: Four circular 5 mm defects werecreated in the crania of 16 New Zealand rabbits. Each defect ineach animal received one of four treatments: no treatment (ECgroup), platelet-rich fibrin administration (PRF group), AnkaferdBlood Stopper added platelet-rich fibrin administration(PRF ABS group) and collagen membrane administration (CMgroup). Histomorphometric assessment was conducted at 4and 8 weeks after surgery.Results: Between-group comparisons of the new bone arearevealed significant differences between the PRF ABS groupand the remaining three groups at 4 weeks. The new bonearea was significantly larger at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks in allgroups.Conclusion: The use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in conjunctionwith platelet-rich fibrin improves bone healing, strengthens themembrane property of platelet-rich fibrin and promotes betterossification.Amaç: Ankaferd Blood Stopper ile güçlendirilmiş trombosittenzengin fibrinin tavşanlar üzerinde oluşturulan kalvaryal kemikdefektleri üzerindeki etkilerinin histomorfometrik yöntemler iledeğerlendirmek.Gereç ve Yöntem: 16 Yeni Zelanda tavşanı kafatasında, dörderadet 5 mm çapında dairesel kemik defekti oluşturuldu. Her birhayvandaki dört farklı defekt bölgesine, dört farklı tedavidenbiri uygulandı: tedavi yok (EC grubu), trombositten zengin fibrinuygulaması (PRF grubu), Ankaferd Blood Stopper ile berabertrombositten zengin fibrin uygulaması (PRF ABS grubu) vekolajen membran uygulaması (CM grubu). Histomorfometrikdeğerlendirme cerrahiden 4 ve 8 hafta sonra yapıldı.Bulgular: Yeni kemik alanının gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarında,4.hafta örneklerinde PRF ABS grubu ile kalan üç grup arasındaanlamlı fark olduğu görüldü. Yeni kemik alanının, tüm gruplarda8.hafta örneklerinde, 4.hafta örneklerine göre anlamlı derecedeyüksek olduğu görüldü.Sonuç: Ankaferd Blood Stopper’ın trombositten zenginfibrin ile birlikte kullanılması; kemik iyileşmesini arttırmakta,trombositten zengin fibrinin membran özelliğini güçlendirmekteve daha iyi bir kemikleşme sağlamaktadır

The Morphology of the Os Penis in the Adult Mouse

WOS: 000281923700005This study focused on morphology of the os penis in adult mouse (Mus musculus domesticus). The os penis was located within the corpus cavernosum penis and extended up to the half way of the glans penis. With a close resemblance to that of the rat os penis, the shape of the mouse os penis appeared a probe-like structure. Histologically, the body of os penis was consisted of compact bone and a narrow bone marrow. Hyaline cartilage constituted the proximal end, to which the corpus cavernosum penis attached and blended with the perichondrium. A completely ossified proximal end was rarely observed. The organization of hyaline cartilage at the proximal end resembled the growth plate of the long bone. However, chondrocytes did were not well organized into columns as in the growth plate. Like in the physis of the long bone, invasion of hyperthropic chondrocyte by blood vessels originating from the underlying bone was present; however, chondrocytes embedded directly in osteoid matrix were also quite common. While the proximal end of the os penis was covered with hyaline cartilage, the distal bony end was continuous with a type of tissue varied from loose to dense connective tissue and to fibrocartilage-like tissue. At the distal bony end, newly synthesized osteoid matrix was distinguishable. Thus, the os penis in the adult mouse is a dynamic structure exhibiting continuous growth both at the proximal and distal ends

Evaluation of melamine and cyanuric acid cytotoxicity: an in vitro study on L929 fibroblasts and CHO cell line

Ekici, Husamettin/0000-0001-6403-737XWOS:000564411900010Melamine and its metabolites pose health concern as they are used in various industrial products including feed and drugs. There are a limited number of studies on melamine and cyanuric acid cytotoxicity and cellular damage without a certain conclusion. The present study aimed to evaluate melamine, cyanuric acid and its combined cytotoxic effects using 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) bromide test. The study also evaluated apoptotic and necrotic effect using a double staining method of Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Melamine, cyanuric acid and their combination (1:1) were applied to L929 fibroblasts and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at various concentrations (1000 mu g/mL, 500 mu g/mL, 250 mu g/mL, 125 mu g/mL and 62.5 mu g/mL). At the highest concentration (1000 mu g/mL), the cell viability dropped down approximately to 50% both in CHO cells and L929 cells. Melamine, cyanuric acid and their mixture caused cytotoxicity in CHO cells and L929 fibroblasts in dose-dependent manner Cell death occurred through both apoptosis and mainly necrosis. Both cell types were more sensitive to the mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid and, furthermore, CHO cells were more sensitive than L929 fibroblasts. As a result, melamine, cyanuric acid and their combination caused cytotoxicity in CHO cells and L929 fibroblasts. Further studies should be conducted in different cell lines. These studies should also aim to reveal the mechanism of cytotoxicity and related pathways

Immunohistochemical expression of anti-oxidants in bovine oviduct epithelial cells of estral and luteal phases

WOS: 000372518900002The present study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical distributions of anti-oxidative enzymes Cu ZnSuperoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase, and Glutation peroxidase-1 (GPX1) in the bovine oviduct epithelial cells of estral and luteal phases. The results indicated both ciliated and secretoric cells of the oviduct mucosa exibited varying degrees of immureactivity for all. The SOD-1 and GPX1 immunostainings were more conspicuous in luteal phase while catalase immunostaining was more apparent in estral phase, especially in the isthmus region of the oviduct. In contrast to catalase, GPX1 immunoractivity was absent or limited in the isthmus. All regions of the oviduct mucosa had similar SOD-1 immunoreactivity. SOD-1 and GPX1 immunoreactivities were more apparent in samples of the luteal phase while catalase immnureactivity was higher in those of the estral phase. Presence of anti-oxidative enzymes catalase, SOD, and GPX1 immunostainings in the bovine oviduct suggests that the bovine oviduct epithelial cells are most likely engaged into synthesis of such enzymes and possibly the source of anti-oxidative enzymes in oviduct fluid. The oviduct regions, each of which executes different reproductive functions, varied by means of catalase and GPX1 expressions, suggeting that anti-oxidants may possibly contribute to different physiological proceses in the reproductive cycle. Furthermore, anti-oxidant expressions also varied between luteal and estral phases, suggesting that oviduct epithelial cells are possibly influenced by hormonal changes in regard to anti-oxidant expression. Presence of SOD-1 immunoreactivity in some but not all basal cells of the oviduct epithelial lining should be further investigated for possible heterogeneities among basal cells and for origin of secretory and ciliated cells

Investigation of Mast Cell Distribution in the Ovine Oviduct During Oestral and Luteal Phases of the Oestrous Cycles

WOS: 000344690200015Mast cells are heterogeneous cell populations that play significant roles in many organs and systems and involve various physiological processes. We aimed to evaluate mast cells in the ovine oviduct mucosa by means of their staining and ultrastructural characteristics. The ovine oviduct samples of Akkaraman breed were collected from the slaughterhouse and they are categorized as luteal and oestral phases. They were fixed either with 10% formalin or IFAA and stained with Toluidine blue and Alcian blue and Safranin O (Ab/SO). Mast cells were located near blood vessels and basal membrane. Compared to 10% formalin fixed tissues, the number of mast cells were higher in IFAA fixed tissues (P=0.003). Importantly all mast cells Ab(+) and SO(-) so that they were categorized as mucosal type. The number of mast cells did not differ between luteal and oestral phases (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences among different regions of the oviduct with a less count in the isthmus regions (P=0.006). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the oviduct mast cells contained two types of granules: an electron lucent, electron dense. Some electron lucent granules contained an eccentrically located crystal-like structure. The significance of less mast cell counts in the isthmus and the eccentrically located single crystal-like structure should be further investigated in future studies

Östral ve luteal dönemde sığır ovidukt epitelinde antioksidanların immunohistokimyasal ifadesi

Summary: The present study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical distributions of anti-oxidative enzymes Cu Zn-Superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase, and Glutation peroxidase-1 (GPX1) in the bovine oviduct epithelial cells of estral and luteal phases. The results indicated both ciliated and secretoric cells of the oviduct mucosa exibited varying degrees of immureactivity for all. The SOD-1 and GPX1 immunostainings were more conspicuous in luteal phase while catalase immunostaining was more apparent in estral phase, especially in the isthmus region of the oviduct. In contrast to catalase, GPX1 immunoractivity was absent or limited in the isthmus. All regions of the oviduct mucosa had similar SOD-1 immunoreactivity. SOD-1 and GPX1 immunoreactivities were more apparent in samples of the luteal phase while catalase immnureactivity was higher in those of the estral phase. Presence of anti-oxidative enzymes catalase, SOD, and GPX1 immunostainings in the bovine oviduct suggests that the bovine oviduct epithelial cells are most likely engaged into synthesis of such enzymes and possibly the source of anti-oxidative enzymes in oviduct fluid. The oviduct regions, each of which executes different reproductive functions, varied by means of catalase and GPX1 expressions, suggeting that anti-oxidants may possibly contribute to different physiological proceses in the reproductive cycle. Furthermore, anti-oxidant expressions also varied between luteal and estral phases, suggesting that oviduct epithelial cells are possibly influenced by hormonal changes in regard to anti-oxidant expression. Presence of SOD-1 immunoreactivity in some but not all basal cells of the oviduct epithelial lining should be further investigated for possible heterogeneities among basal cells and for origin of secretory and ciliated cells.Sunulan çalışmada östral ve luteal dönemdeki sığır ovidukt epitelinde, anti-oksidatif enzimler Cu Zn-Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD-1), katalaz, ve Glutaston peroksidaz-1 (GPX1) immünohistokimyasal dağılımının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Immunoperoksidaz test sonuçları ovidukt mukozasında silyalı ve sekretorik hücrelerin katalaz, SOD-1, and GPX1 için değişen derecelerde immunoreaktivite göstermiştir. SOD-1 ve GPX1 immünoreaktiviteleri luteal dönemde daha belirgin iken katalaz östral dönemde özellikle istmusta daha belirgin reaksiyon göstermiştir. Oviduktun tüm bölgeleri benzer SOD-1 immunoreaktivitisi göstermiştir. SOD-1 ve GPX1 luteal fazın örneklerinde, katalaz ise östral dönemin örneklerinde daha belirgin immunoreaktivite göstermiştir. Sığır oviduktunda katalaz, SOD-1, and GPX1 anti-oksidatif enzimlerinin immünoreaktivitesinin yer alması ovidukt epitel hücrelerinin bu enzimleri sentezlediğini ve ovidukt sıvısındaki anti-oksidant enzimlerin kaynağı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Farklı reprodüktif fonksiyonları yerine getiren ovidukt bölümleri katalaz ve GPX1 immunoreaktivitesi açısından farklılık göstermektedir. Bu durum anti-oksidanların seksüel siklüsta farklı fizyolojik süreçlere katılma olasılıklarını düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca luteal ve östral dönem arasında anti-oksidanların göstermiş olduğu farklı immunreaksiyonun ovidukt epitel hücrelerinin üreme hormonlarından anti-oksidant ekspresyonu açısından etkilendiğini düşündürmektedir. SOD-1 immünoreaktivitesinin ovidukt epitelindeki bazal hücrelerin bazılarında görülüp bazılarında görülmemesi, bu hücrelerdeki gerek heterojenite gerekse silyalı ve sekretorik hücrelerin kökenleri açısından incelenmesi gerekmektedir