5 research outputs found
Fitting the grain orientation distribution of a polycrystalline material conditioned on a Laguerre tessellation
The description of distributions related to grain microstructure helps
physicists to understand the processes in materials and their properties. This
paper presents a general statistical methodology for the analysis of
crystallographic orientations of grains in a 3D Laguerre tessellation dataset
which represents the microstructure of a polycrystalline material. We introduce
complex stochastic models which may substitute expensive laboratory
experiments: conditional on the Laguerre tessellation, we suggest interaction
models for the distribution of cubic crystal lattice orientations, where the
interaction is between pairs of orientations for neighbouring grains in the
tessellation. We discuss parameter estimation and model comparison methods
based on maximum pseudolikelihood as well as graphical procedures for model
checking using simulations. Our methodology is applied for analysing a dataset
representing a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy
The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr43 encodes an unusual protein kinase
To safeguard bread wheat against pests and diseases, breeders have
introduced over 200 resistance genes into its genome, thus nearly doubling
the number of designated resistance genes in the wheat gene pool1. Isolating
these genes facilitates their fast-tracking in breeding programs and
incorporation into polygene stacks for more durable resistance. We cloned
the stem rust resistance gene Sr43, which was crossed into bread wheat from
the wild grass Thinopyrum elongatum2,3. Sr43 encodes an active protein kinase
fused to two domains of unknown function. The gene, which is unique to the
Triticeae, appears to have arisen through a gene fusion event 6.7 to 11.6 million
years ago. Transgenic expression of Sr43 in wheat conferred high levels of
resistance to a wide range of isolates of the pathogen causing stem rust,
highlighting the potential value of Sr43 in resistance breeding and engineering
Isolation and Sequencing of Chromosome Arm 7RS of Rye, <i>Secale cereale</i>
Rye (Secale cereale) is a climate-resilient cereal grown extensively as grain or forage crop in Northern and Eastern Europe. In addition to being an important crop, it has been used to improve wheat through introgression of genomic regions for improved yield and disease resistance. Understanding the genomic diversity of rye will assist both the improvement of this crop and facilitate the introgression of more valuable traits into wheat. Here, we isolated and sequenced the short arm of rye chromosome 7 (7RS) from Triticale 380SD using flow cytometry and compared it to the public Lo7 rye whole genome reference assembly. We identify 2747 Lo7 genes present on the isolated chromosome arm and two clusters containing seven and sixty-five genes that are present on Triticale 380SD 7RS, but absent from Lo7 7RS. We identified 29 genes that are not assigned to chromosomal locations in the Lo7 assembly but are present on Triticale 380SD 7RS, suggesting a chromosome arm location for these genes. Our study supports the Lo7 reference assembly and provides a repertoire of genes on Triticale 7RS