THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID 19 ON MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Background: The COVID 19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects on university students as well as in all segments of society. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between education fields (medical-non medical), education styles (online-face to face), sociodemographic characteristics of university students and their levels of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID-19. Subjects and methods: In the cross-sectional designed research, 1213 university students studying in Turkey was reached online. A sociodemographic form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was applied to the participants. Results: Of all participants 887(73%) were women. 647(53%) students were studying in the medical field. The scores of FCV- 19S and all subscales of DASS 21 were significantly higher in women. In the comparison between the field and style of education, no difference was found. DASS 21 scores were higher in the participants whose relatives had COVID-19 or who had a mental disorder in the past or medical disease. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that while there was no significant difference in the scores of DASS 21 among university students in terms of the field and style of education, variables such as gender, not having COVID-19 so far, having lost a relative due to COVID-19 could cause significant differences. Identifying sensitive groups will create early intervention opportunities

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID 19 ON MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Background: The COVID 19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects on university students as well as in all segments of society. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between education fields (medical-non medical), education styles (online-face to face), sociodemographic characteristics of university students and their levels of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID-19. Subjects and methods: In the cross-sectional designed research, 1213 university students studying in Turkey was reached online. A sociodemographic form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was applied to the participants. Results: Of all participants 887(73%) were women. 647(53%) students were studying in the medical field. The scores of FCV- 19S and all subscales of DASS 21 were significantly higher in women. In the comparison between the field and style of education, no difference was found. DASS 21 scores were higher in the participants whose relatives had COVID-19 or who had a mental disorder in the past or medical disease. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that while there was no significant difference in the scores of DASS 21 among university students in terms of the field and style of education, variables such as gender, not having COVID-19 so far, having lost a relative due to COVID-19 could cause significant differences. Identifying sensitive groups will create early intervention opportunities

Research on the impact of recreational activities on the patients of schizophrenia

This research was done for finding out the impacts of Recreational Activities on the Schizophrenic Patients. 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia registered in Hitit University Education and Research Hospital’s Community Mental Health Centerwere included in the research. The patients were applied with educational games and folk dances as recreational activities three days a week for 12 weeks. In the research, Scale for the Assessment of the Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale for the Assessment of the positive Symptoms (SAPS), Global Assessment of the Functioning (GAF) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales were used as data collection tools at the beginning and the end of 12 weeks. In addition, body lipid percentages, body weights and body mass indexes (BMI) of the patients were calculated at the beginning and the end of the research by using TANITA device. According to the results of statistical analyses, the difference between start and end SANS (p=0,471), GAF (p=0,004), CGI (p=0,003) values and body lipid percentages (p=0,019) of the participants was statistically significant. However, the difference between start and end weight (p=0,406), BMI (p=0,471) and SAPS (p=0,081) rates was not statistically significant

What Is The Avoidant/Restricted Food Intake Disorder? Diagnosis And Treatment Approaches

2013 yılında yayınlanan DSM-5'te yeni birçok bozukluk tanımlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri de Kaçıngan/kısıtlı yiyecek alımı bozukluğudur (KKYAB). Bu yeme bozukluğuna belirgin yeme kısıtlaması ve gelişme geriliği eşlik etmesine rağmen kilo alma korkusu eşlik etmemektedir. Bundan dolayı anoreksiya nervoza ve bulumia nervozadan ayrı bir tanı olarak sınıflanmasına karar verilmiştir. Çocuklarda, yetişkinlerde ve yaşlılarda KKYAB epidemiyolojisi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Toplum örnekleminde yaklaşık %3 ve klinik örneklemlerde %14–23 arasında görüldüğü bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, tanı sınıflandırmalarında henüz yeni yer alan KKYAB etiyolojisine ilişkin de henüz yeterli veri bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti sunucularının, erken tanı ve sekelleri en aza indirmeleri ve uygun müdahalelerde bulunabilmeleri için KKYAB ve bunun çeşitli klinik görünümlerinin farkında olmaları gerekir. Tedaviye umut veren yaklaşımlar, Bilişsel davranışçı terapi (BDT) ve aile temelli tedaviye (ATT) yönelik modifikasyonları içerir. Bu derlemedeki amacımız KKYAB'in tarihsel gelişimi, tanı kriterleri, kliniğini ve tedavisini güncel literatür ışığında gözden geçirmektir.Many new disorders have been identified in the DSM-5 published in 2013. One of them is avoidant/restricted food intake disorder (ARFID). Although this eating disorder was accompanied by significant eating restriction and growth retardation, it is not accompanied by fear of weight gain. Therefore, it was decided to be classified as a separate diagnosis from anorexia nervosa and bulumia nervosa. More studies are needed for the epidemiology of ARFID in children, adults and the elderly. It is known to be seen approximately 3% in the community sample and between 14% and 23% in clinical samples. In addition, it has been found that there is not yet sufficient data on the etiology of ARFID which is yet to be included in diagnostic classifications. Primary health care providers should be aware of ARFID and its various clinical manifestations for early diagnosis, minimizing sequelae and making appropriate interventions. Approaches which promise hope to treatment include modifications to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and family based therapy (FBT). Our purpose in this review is to review the historical development, diagnostic criteria, clinic features and treatment of ARFID in the light of current literature

Research on the impact of recreational activities on the patients of schizophrenia

This research was done for finding out the impacts of Recreational Activities on the Schizophrenic Patients. 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia registered in Hitit University Education and Research Hospital’s Community Mental Health Centerwere included in the research. The patients were applied with educational games and folk dances as recreational activities three days a week for 12 weeks. In the research, Scale for the Assessment of the Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale for the Assessment of the positive Symptoms (SAPS), Global Assessment of the Functioning (GAF) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales were used as data collection tools at the beginning and the end of 12 weeks. In addition, body lipid percentages, body weights and body mass indexes (BMI) of the patients were calculated at the beginning and the end of the research by using TANITA device. According to the results of statistical analyses, the difference between start and end SANS (p=0,471), GAF (p=0,004), CGI (p=0,003) values and body lipid percentages (p=0,019) of the participants was statistically significant. However, the difference between start and end weight (p=0,406), BMI (p=0,471) and SAPS (p=0,081) rates was not statistically significant

Reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire

WOS: 000472919500002PubMed ID: 31247700Objective The aim of this study is to perform validity and reliability examination of the Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire, and to investigate whether this scale is a measurement tool for evaluation of psychological flexibility levels in a sample of patients with diabetes in Turkey. Methods This study was conducted with 105 patients. Turkish forms of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-I I), Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) and Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (TAADQ) were applied. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS was used in statistical analysis. Results 56.12% of the patients were female and the mean of age was 54 (SD=+/- 9.9) years. The mean duration of education was found 7.65 (SD=3.97) years. 74.8% of the patients most of whom (83.3%, n=85) had diabetes mellitus and the mean glycemic control calculated with HbAlc was 8.02 +/- 1.91. According to the final fit indices, we found that the revised and corrected 9-item model was superior over the previous model. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of TAADQ was found as 0.836. Conclusion TAAI)Q is a valid and reliable assessment tool in Turkish population. So TAADQ will be a powerfull tool in assessing psychological flexibility in diabetes patients

The Role of Metacognitive Processes and Emotional Schemas in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Objective: This research aims to investigate the relationship between disorder severity and ruminative thinking style, emotional schemas, thought-action fusion and reciprocal interaction of these variables at individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD). Method: The sample of the study consists of 18 male and 47 female individuals who diagnosed as OCD according to DSM-IV-TR that applied the outpatient clinic of Bakirkoy Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology between September 2014 and April 2014. Sociodemographic form, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Ruminative Thinking Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), Thought Action Fusion Scale (TAFS) and Leahy Emotional Schema Questionnaire (LESQ) were applied to participants. Data analyzed by using SPSS 20 version. Results: The mean age of participants is 31,80±7,41. According to results determined by using Pearson Correlation Analysis, a significant positive correlation between RTSQ total scores and LESQ weakness against emotions, acceptance of feelings, duration sub-scales, TAFS likelihood sub-scale, YBOCS obsession, YBOCS compulsion and YBOCS total scores was found. Also according to multiple linear regression analysis; its determined that RTSQ total scores predict YBOCS obsession, YBOCS compulsion and YBOCS total scores, TAFS Moral sub-scale total scores predict only YBOCS obsession total scores. Conclusion: It can be suggested that treatment objectives at psychotherapy approaches for OCD should involve ruminative response style and TAF Moral dimension when all the results evaluated together. While emotional schemas dont predict OCD severity directly, emotional schemas can have indirect effects on severity of disorder when the correlation between other scales considered. [JCBPR 2015; 4(3.000): 173-183

Care-giving burden and quality of life in diabetic foot patients' care givers

Introduction: The burden of care-giving is defined as the burden sustained by an individual who is giving care to an elderly, chronically ill or incapacitated person; the levels of perception of the burden are known to be affected by various personal and disease-related characteristics. Studies that compare the burden of internal patients’ caregivers with psychiatric patients’ caregivers, reported higher caregiving burden for caregivers of psychiatric patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the levels of the caregiving burden of those caring for patients with diabetic foot with care-givers of psychotic patients. Caregivers of those with inguinal hernia were designated as the control group to determine the characteristics that are related to the care-giving burden.   Methods: The study was comprised of care-givers of 30 hospital in-patients with diabetic foot, 30 in-patients with inguinal hernia, and care givers of 30 patients with a recorded diagnosis of psychotic disorder at Çorum Community Mental Health Centre. The evaluation was made from voluntary completion of the Zarit Burden Interview Form and the Beck Depression, Beck Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scales. Results:  The caregivers of the diabetic foot group were found to be mostly non-working females. No difference was found between the burden levels of psychotic and diabetic patient groups but the burden level of caregivers of psychotic patients was determined to be significantly higher than the control group (p lt;0.001). In comparison with those of the control and psychotic group, the depression and anxiety scales of the diabetic foot group were signficantly high and some points of the quality of life scales were determined to be significantly low. A correlation between the duration of care-giving and the burden was only determined in the diabetic foot group (r=0.421, p=0.020). Conclusion: Care-givers of diabetic foot patients remained more socially isolated. This was probably due to having to live with an elderly person requiring care. For various reasons, care-givers of diabetic foot patients were found to have high levels of anxiety and depression, low quality of life, and burden levels as high as those of the psychotic group. Therefore, in the context of protecting the physical and emotional health of care-givers, careful monitoring and when necessary, supportive treatment would be appropriate

Care-giving burden and quality of life in diabetic foot patients' care givers

Introduction: The burden of care-giving is defined as the burden sustained by an individual who is giving care to an elderly, chronically ill or incapacitated person; the levels of perception of the burden are known to be affected by various personal and disease-related characteristics. Studies that compare the burden of internal patients’ caregivers with psychiatric patients’ caregivers, reported higher caregiving burden for caregivers of psychiatric patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the levels of the caregiving burden of those caring for patients with diabetic foot with care-givers of psychotic patients. Caregivers of those with inguinal hernia were designated as the control group to determine the characteristics that are related to the care-giving burden.   Methods: The study was comprised of care-givers of 30 hospital in-patients with diabetic foot, 30 in-patients with inguinal hernia, and care givers of 30 patients with a recorded diagnosis of psychotic disorder at Çorum Community Mental Health Centre. The evaluation was made from voluntary completion of the Zarit Burden Interview Form and the Beck Depression, Beck Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scales. Results:  The caregivers of the diabetic foot group were found to be mostly non-working females. No difference was found between the burden levels of psychotic and diabetic patient groups but the burden level of caregivers of psychotic patients was determined to be significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). In comparison with those of the control and psychotic group, the depression and anxiety scales of the diabetic foot group were signficantly high and some points of the quality of life scales were determined to be significantly low. A correlation between the duration of care-giving and the burden was only determined in the diabetic foot group (r=0.421, p=0.020). Conclusion: Care-givers of diabetic foot patients remained more socially isolated. This was probably due to having to live with an elderly person requiring care. For various reasons, care-givers of diabetic foot patients were found to have high levels of anxiety and depression, low quality of life, and burden levels as high as those of the psychotic group. Therefore, in the context of protecting the physical and emotional health of care-givers, careful monitoring and when necessary, supportive treatment would be appropriate

Companson of personality beliefs between depressed patients and healthy controls

Introduction: According to the cognitive model, the common mechanism underlying all psychological disorders is distorted or dysfunctional thoughts that affect mood and behaviors. Dysfunctional thoughts predispose an individual to depression and are among the processes that form the basis of personality traits. Elucidating the personality beliefs associated with depression and dysfunctional thoughts is important to understanding and treating depression. The aim of the present study is to determine whether depressed patients exhibited pathological personality beliefs compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, we investigated which personality beliefs were more common among such depressed patients. Methods: A total of 70 patients who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry at Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital (Ankara, Turkey) and diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Additionally, 70 healthy controls matched for age, marital status, and education were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form and Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short form (PBQ-SF) were administered to the participants. Results: A comparison of the depression group with the healthy controls revealed higher scores in dependent, passive aggressive, obsessive compulsive, antisocial, histrionic, paranoid, borderline, and avoidant personality subscales in the depressive group. Conclusions: These results suggest that personality beliefs at the pathological level are more common in depressive patients and that the detection of these beliefs would be useful for predicting the prognosis of the disease and determining appropriate treatment methods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved