OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN PROMOTING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MONTENEGRO

The support for youth entrepreneurship in Montenegro is strong. The focus of the entrepreneurship programme at the faculty of economics at University of Montenegro is mostly on youth. There are several other organisations such as The Montenegrin American Youth Alumni Association (MAYAA), and The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which also organize a variety of presentations and workshops for students to pursue entrepreneurship. Recently one Montenegrin student’s business plan, a proposal for the establishment of the Centre for Professional Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities, won the national competition in Montenegro, and was ultimately named the winner of the overall Europe-wide competition. However, the analysis shows that although in the areas of youth participation, significant progress has been made in the last several years, youth entrepreneurship programme in Montenegro is still in its early phase of development and needs strong sustainable commitment, assuring the development and efficient functioning of various youth participation mechanisms at the local, regional and national level. It is also essential to continue to standardize and support youth work, youth information and non-formal business education of young people. Surveys show that young people in Montenegro believe they have much to offer and can significantly contribute to all areas of the society’s development. However, their potential remains greatly unused due to the certain obstacles that they face. There are needs for encouragement of the youth informing them about how to participate in all aspects of society. This study is focused on investigation of the analysis of the opportunities and challenges that youth entrepreneurs face in contributing to all areas of the development in Montenegro. A quality research of several successful young entrepreneurs will be presented

Algal Diversity Along the Serbian Stretch of the Sava River

Phytoplankton analysis is an essential part in water quality monitoring and predicting changes in aquatic ecosystems. In this study we investigated structure and diversity of algal communities along the Serbian stretch of the Sava River. We detected 109 species in four sampling localities (Bosut, Sremska Mitrovica, Jarak and Makiš). Species richness increases from Bosut to Jarak. However, a sudden decrease of species richness was recorded in the Makiš locality, probably due to increased pollution. Divisive numerical classification separates species with relatively narrow distribution (that are grouped in three clusters) from more common species (that form four clusters). Correspondence analysis clearly separates upper-stream sites (Bosut and Sremska Mitrovica) from down-stream sites Jarak and Makiš.Water Research and Management (2016), 6(2): 27-3

Tourism price normalities in two Adriatic east coast ’euro’ countries

This debut work offers a stunning look at real vs nominal prices that consider more than just inflation. The inadequate examination of hospitality price comparison is investigated between two non-neighbouring Adriatic east coast countries – Slovenia and Montenegro – using the euro. Hospitality prices are an essential indicator in hospitality markets, destination marketing and management planning. Using 73 monthly time-series data for the economic crisis period from December 2008 to December 2014, this period covers one shock in a series. One of the key managerial features of cointegrated spatial hospitality price spread was that Montenegro followed Slovenian hospitality prices. Hospitality prices in Montenegro and Slovenia tend to be weakly integrated into the long term and seasonally driven in the short term. In addition, the econometric experimentation has given a theoretical novelty for underpinned and undermined tourism economy modelling in normalities. This state-of-the-art econometric feature is included in a customary vector error correction model (VECM). Robust applied results recognise that hospitality prices in Montenegro are domestic driven and in Slovenia Eurozone driven. This finding is relevant for applied economics on obtaining a normally distributed price model. Its theoretical and managerial implications are vital for hospitality economics, marketing and tourism management

Tourism-led economic growth in Montenegro and Slovenia

This article expounds one of the first attempts to explore the relationship between tourist arrivals and gross domestic product (GDP) in Montenegro and Slovenia. Both countries are newcomers on the tourist destinations map, derived from what was previously Yugoslav republics existing as a singular emerging tourist destination. Data vector for empirical analysis covers quarterly change of GDP at constant prices and monthly data for tourist arrivals during January 2010 – December 2019 as an endogenous variable. The cointegration is used in the modelling structure. The empirical results confirm research hypothesis of uni-causal relationship of economic growth-led domestic tourism growth in Montenegro and one cointegrated vector. No cointegration vector was confirmed for Slovenia. These results are important for research, policymakers and tourism practice. Considering that, tourism and economic growth have a different distribution of causalities during the expansion period with a boost of tourist arrivals and vice versa during the economic downtur

Klinička efikasnost miksture natrijum-perborata i vodonik-peroksida za intrakoronarno izbeljivanje depulpisanih zuba

Introduction/Objective the aim was to evaluate initial efficiency of sodium perborate (tetrahydrate) and 30% hydrogen peroxide mixture for intracoronal non-vital teeth bleaching ("walking bleach" technique). Methods Forty patients with discolored teeth were included in the study. Based on their history and clinical examination, causes of discoloration were classified as necrotic pulp, "endo-sealer" or unknown. The "walking bleach" technique was performed by applying sodium perborate (tetrahydrate) and 30% hydrogen peroxide mixture intracoronally to cavity dentin walls. The mixture was renewed in seven-day intervals. Tooth color was assessed visually before, during, and after the procedure using the Vita Classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Numerical values or shade guide units (SGU) were assigned to Vita shade tabs on a bright-dark scale. Analysis of variance, t-test, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data (p lt 0.05). Results on average, 26 ± 9 days or 3-4 appointments were required for intracoronal bleaching to achieve the desired or best possible shade. Better clinical efficiency was found in the necrotic pulp group (17 ± 6 days; 8 ± 3 SGU) than in the "endo-sealer" group (42 ± 13 days; 4 ± 2 SGU) (p lt 0.05). Age significantly influenced bleaching efficiency (p lt 0.05). There was no significant correlation between bleaching efficiency and initial shade (p > 0.05). Conclusion Intracoronal, non-vital teeth bleaching ("walking bleach" technique) using sodium perborate (tetrahydrate) and 30% hydrogen peroxide mixture showed satisfactory clinical efficiency. Discoloration caused by pulp necrosis was treated more efficiently than that caused by endodontic sealers. Younger age had a positive effect and discoloration intensity had no effect on bleaching efficiency.Cilj Cilj ovog rada je da ispita inicijalnu kliničku efikasnost miksture natrijum-perborata (tetrahidrata) i 30% vodonik-peroksida za intrakoronarno izbeljivanje depulpisanih zuba (,,šetajuća" tehnika). Metode U studiju je bilo uključeno 40 pacijenata sa prebojenim zubima. Na bazi anamneze i kliničkog pregleda, uzroci diskoloracije su klasifikovani kao "nekrotična pulpa", ,,endo-siler" ili ,,nepoznat". U intervalima od sedam dana mikstura natrijum-perborata i 30% vodonik-peroksida aplikovana je intrakoronarno na dentinske zidove kaviteta. Boja zuba je procenjivana vizuelnom metodom pre, tokom i posle tretmana primenom ključa boja Vita Classic (Vita Zahnfabrik, Nemačka). Numerička vrednost (jedinica nijanse) dodeljena je svakoj nijansi ključa Vita pomoću svetlo-tamne skale. Analiza varijanse, t-test, korelaciona i regresiona analiza su korišćene za statističku obradu podataka (p lt 0,05). Rezultati Prosečno 26 ± 9 dana ili 3-4 posete su bile neophodne da se intrakoronarnim izbeljivanjem postignu željena ili najsvetlija moguća nijansa. Bolja klinička efikasnost izbeljivanja zabeležena je u grupi ,,nekrotična pulpa" (17 ± 6 dana; 8 ± 3 nijansi) nego u grupi ,,endo-siler" (42 ± 13 dana; 4 ± 2 nijanse) (p lt 0,05). Uzrast pacijenta je značajno uticao na efikasnost izbeljivanja (p lt 0,05). Nije utvrđena značajna povezanost između efikasnosti izbeljivanja i početne nijanse (p > 0,05). Zaključak Intrakoronarno izbeljivanje depulpisanih zuba odnosno "šetajuća" tehnika izbeljivanja primenom miksture natrijum-perborata (tetrahidrata) i 30% vodonik-peroksida pokazala je zadovoljavajuću kliničku efikasnost. Diskoloracija usled nekroze pulpe je uspešnije izbeljena nego diskoloracija izazvana endodontskim pastama. Efikasnije izbeljivanje je zabeleženo kod mlađih pacijenata, dok intenzitet početne diskoloracije nije značajno uticao na efikasnost izbeljivanja

Biological aspects of application of nanomaterials in tissue engineering

Millions of patients worldwide need surgery to repair or replace tissue that has been damaged through trauma or disease. To solve the problem of lost tissue, a major emphasis of tissue engineering (TE) is on tissue regeneration. Stem cells and highly porous biomaterials used as cell carriers (scaffolds) have an essential role in the production of new tissue by TE. The cellular component is important for the generation and establishment of the extracellular matrix, while a scaffold is necessary to determine the shape of the newly formed tissue and facilitate migration of cells into the desired location, as well as their growth and differentiation. This review describes the types, characteristics and classification of stem cells. Furthermore, it includes functional features of cell carriers - biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties of biomaterials used in developing state-of-the-an scaffolds for TE applications, as well as suitability for different tissues. Moreover, it explains the importance of nanotechnology and defines the challenges and the purpose of future research in this rapidly advancing field

Algal Diversity Along the Serbian Stretch of the Sava River

Phytoplankton analysis is an essential part in water quality monitoring and predicting changes in aquatic ecosystems. In this study we investigated structure and diversity of algal communities along the Serbian stretch of the Sava River. We detected 109 species in four sampling localities (Bosut, Sremska Mitrovica, Jarak and Makiš). Species richness increases from Bosut to Jarak. However, a sudden decrease of species richness was recorded in the Makiš locality, probably due to increased pollution. Divisive numerical classification separates species with relatively narrow distribution (that are grouped in three clusters) from more common species (that form four clusters). Correspondence analysis clearly separates upper-stream sites (Bosut and Sremska Mitrovica) from down-stream sites Jarak and Makiš.Water Research and Management (2016), 6(2): 27-3