DEVELOPMENT AND EXTENSION ACTIVITIES OF THE MINISTRY OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK ON ORGANIC FARMING

In Turkey, organic farming activities are conducted under the auspices of Department of Good Agriculture Practices and Organic Farming of the General Directorate of Plant Production of the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock. There are Organic Farming Committee and Organic Farming National Guidance Committee. Besides, there are Organic Farming Units in 81 Provincial Directorates. The Ministry has assigned its control and certification authority for organic farming to private bodies. Training, publication and project activities are pursued for the improvement and extension of organic farming. Within this framework, Organic Farming National Action Plan was prepared and activities have been carried out accordingly. In Turkey organic plant production and organic animal breeding are also supported. Every passing day, because of the increasing environmental awareness and accession for secure food and with the intention of delivering a viable world to the future generations, environmental agricultural methods have been introduced Below mentioned activities have been implemented by the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock for the extension of organic farming which is foremost among aforementioned methods

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE DEVELOMENT IN THE FIELD OF ORGANIC FARMING IN TURKEY

Practices in the field of organic farming have been carried out within the scope of legal framework since 2003. In Turkey, organic farming activities are conducted under the auspices of Department of Good Agriculture Practices and Organic Farming of the General Directorate of Plant Production of the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock. There are Organic Farming Committee and Organic Farming National Guidance Committee. Besides, there are Organic Farming Units in 81 Provincial Directorates. The Ministry has assigned its control and certification authority for organic farming to private bodies. In Turkey, organic farming practices has commenced in 1985-86 because of increasing demand of foreign buyers and request of export companies and has pursued so on till 1994. Within the structure of the Ministry, Department responsible for coordinating and managing organic farming practices in 2003 and 5262 Numbered Organic Farming Law was ratified and connected regulation for Procedures and Principles of Organic Farming was issued in 2004 and afterwards, regulation has been revised in harmonization with EU Legislation. Revisions made for EU Organic Farming Regulations have been closely monitored so as to protect export chance of the Turkish organic products and supply our citizens with safe products. Alternative Production Methods Department was established in 2003 under the umbrella of the Ministry for the purpose of extension of organic farming. In Turkey, activities in the field of organic farming have been supervised by Department of Good Agricultural Practices and Organic Farming of the General Directorate of Plant Production of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. As defined in the legal framework in force, there are Organic Farming Committee and Organic Farming National Guidance Committee. Moreover, Organic Farming Units have been established within the body of 81 provincial directorates. Control and Certification authority has been assigned to private bodies. Data on organic farming are recorded in Organic Farming Information System

A study on legal and medical dimensions of radiation exposure in neurosurgery clinics in Turkish practice

Background: In the present study, the first aim was to address the detrimental effects of the fluoroscopy procedure performed by physicians and other health-care professionals in neurosurgery clinics, then to examine precautions that should be taken to avoid harmful effects of radiation and radioactive substances during this process. The second aim was to handle the rights provided for health-care professionals exposed to the radiation in workplaces. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was used for a multicenter survey. Volunteer, intellectual, and cooperative participants (n = 41) were randomly chosen. The survey was prepared considering reports drawn up by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The questions concerning safe and effective fluoroscopy procedure were asked to the participants. The answers received were statistically evaluated. The alpha significance value was accepted as 0.05. Results: Two neurosurgeons only knew the legal rights that they might possess due to the exposure to the radiation or radioactive substances. Conclusion: The survey conducted among the health-care professionals revealed the insufficiency of knowledge about the protection from the radiation exposure or radioactive substances in workplaces. Furthermore, both health-care professionals working in radiology clinics, and those in neurosurgery and other clinics who are likely to be exposed to the radiation or radioactive substances have the rights afforded by the law. ©2020 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Surgical Neurology Internationa

Continuous Time Least Square PI Control Method for Quasi-Z Source Inverter

This paper presents the proposed model of proportional Integral (PI) controller using continuous time least square method (CT-LSM) for a quasi-Z source inverter (qZSI). PI control is one of the most applicable control methods in power systems. Then, CT-LSM is mainly a statistical optimization method including parameter estimation for nonlinear systems to control. The proposed model is designed to set a control structure without using the nonlinear loads of qZSI and also improve PI control applications against the nonlinear system dynamics. Controller design for qZSI is divided into two parts which are explained as dc side and ac side in both two mode operations. For the dc side of the system, PI controller is designed according to approved system and its estimated parameters which are calculated from state space analysis of qZSI. As for the ac side, the voltage and current regulations are controlled in order to transfer the power to inverter legs based on design criteria. Simulation results by using the current qZSI model on Matlab/Simulink are used to research and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed control design

Epidemiological investigation of 673 patients who resorted to the emergency department for mild head trauma complaints

Aim: Mild head trauma (MHT) or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is an injury whose incidence is increasing in emergency services.This retrospective study carried out an epidemiological evaluation of patients with MHT, who underwent head computed tomography(HCT) with a 15-point score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).Material and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 673 patients with MHT, who were examined by the department ofneurosurgery in the emergency department of Istinye University, Canakkale Anatolian Hospital between 2015 and 2019. The caseswere evaluated because of age, gender, cause of trauma, HCT findings, duration of admission to the emergency department, andother body traumas associated with head trauma.Results:390 (57.95%) patients were male, while 283 (42.05%) were female. The mean age and standard deviation were calculatedas 23.72 ± 24.87 years. Of the 673 cases, 494 (73.40%) were admitted to the emergency department due to non-high falls. Aftertrauma, 642 (95.39%) patients were admitted to the emergency department within the admitted to the emergency department withinthe first two hours after injury. 656 (97.48%) of the patients were treated in the emergency department. 105 (15.60%) patients hada scalp incision and underwent a small surgical procedure. The most common accompanying body trauma detected was that ofthe maxillofacial region in 26 (3.86%) patients. HCT pathology was detected in 20 (2.97%) patients. These pathologies included; 14(2.08%) non-surgical intracerebral hemorrhage, 2 (0.30%) skull base fractures, 1 (0.15%) traumatic subdural hematoma, 1 (0.15%)traumatic epidural hematoma, 1 (0.15%) pneumocephalus and 1 (0.15%) cerebral edema.Conclusion: Head trauma is an important issue in this country. Brain CT may not be necessary in patients with a GCS score of 15.After a short observation, if patients live near the medical center, they can be sent home to return the next day for further evaluation

Analysis of an assemble-to-order system with different review periods

We consider a single item assembled from two components. One of the components has a long leadtime, high holding cost and short review period as compared to the other one. We assume that net stocks are reviewed periodically, customer demand is stochastic and unsatisfied demand is back ordered. We analyze the system under two different policies and show how to determine the policy parameters minimizing average holding and backorder costs. First, we consider a pure base stock policy, where orders for each component are placed such that the inventory position is raised up to a given base stock level. In contrast to this, only the orders for one component follow this logic while the other orders are synchronized in case of a balanced base stock policy. Through mathematical analysis, we come up with the exact long-run average cost function and we show the optimality conditions for both policies. In a numerical study the policies are compared and the results suggest that the balanced base stock policy works better than the pure base stock policy under low service levels and when there is a big difference in the holding costs of the components