1,829 research outputs found
Randomly Charged Polymers, Random Walks, and Their Extremal Properties
Motivated by an investigation of ground state properties of randomly charged
polymers, we discuss the size distribution of the largest Q-segments (segments
with total charge Q) in such N-mers. Upon mapping the charge sequence to
one--dimensional random walks (RWs), this corresponds to finding the
probability for the largest segment with total displacement Q in an N-step RW
to have length L. Using analytical, exact enumeration, and Monte Carlo methods,
we reveal the complex structure of the probability distribution in the large N
limit. In particular, the size of the longest neutral segment has a
distribution with a square-root singularity at l=L/N=1, an essential
singularity at l=0, and a discontinuous derivative at l=1/2. The behavior near
l=1 is related to a another interesting RW problem which we call the "staircase
problem". We also discuss the generalized problem for d-dimensional RWs.Comment: 33 pages, 19 Postscript figures, RevTe
A Model Ground State of Polyampholytes
The ground state of randomly charged polyampholytes is conjectured to have a
structure similar to a necklace, made of weakly charged parts of the chain,
compacting into globules, connected by highly charged stretched `strings'. We
suggest a specific structure, within the necklace model, where all the neutral
parts of the chain compact into globules: The longest neutral segment compacts
into a globule; in the remaining part of the chain, the longest neutral segment
(the 2nd longest neutral segment) compacts into a globule, then the 3rd, and so
on. We investigate the size distributions of the longest neutral segments in
random charge sequences, using analytical and Monte Carlo methods. We show that
the length of the n-th longest neutral segment in a sequence of N monomers is
proportional to N/(n^2), while the mean number of neutral segments increases as
sqrt(N). The polyampholyte in the ground state within our model is found to
have an average linear size proportional to sqrt(N), and an average surface
area proportional to N^(2/3).Comment: 8 two-column pages. 5 eps figures. RevTex. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Collapse of Randomly Self-Interacting Polymers
We use complete enumeration and Monte Carlo techniques to study
self--avoiding walks with random nearest--neighbor interactions described by
, where is a quenched sequence of ``charges'' on the
chain. For equal numbers of positive and negative charges (), the
polymer with undergoes a transition from self--avoiding behavior to a
compact state at a temperature . The collapse temperature
decreases with the asymmetry Comment: 8 pages, TeX, 4 uuencoded postscript figures, MIT-CMT-
Theta-point universality of polyampholytes with screened interactions
By an efficient algorithm we evaluate exactly the disorder-averaged
statistics of globally neutral self-avoiding chains with quenched random charge
in monomer i and nearest neighbor interactions on
square (22 monomers) and cubic (16 monomers) lattices. At the theta transition
in 2D, radius of gyration, entropic and crossover exponents are well compatible
with the universality class of the corresponding transition of homopolymers.
Further strong indication of such class comes from direct comparison with the
corresponding annealed problem. In 3D classical exponents are recovered. The
percentage of charge sequences leading to folding in a unique ground state
approaches zero exponentially with the chain length.Comment: 15 REVTEX pages. 4 eps-figures . 1 tabl
Ground States of Two-Dimensional Polyampholytes
We perform an exact enumeration study of polymers formed from a (quenched)
random sequence of charged monomers , restricted to a 2-dimensional
square lattice. Monomers interact via a logarithmic (Coulomb) interaction. We
study the ground state properties of the polymers as a function of their excess
charge for all possible charge sequences up to a polymer length N=18. We
find that the ground state of the neutral ensemble is compact and its energy
extensive and self-averaging. The addition of small excess charge causes an
expansion of the ground state with the monomer density depending only on .
In an annealed ensemble the ground state is fully stretched for any excess
charge .Comment: 6 pages, 6 eps figures, RevTex, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Self-consistent variational theory for globules
A self-consistent variational theory for globules based on the uniform
expansion method is presented. This method, first introduced by Edwards and
Singh to estimate the size of a self-avoiding chain, is restricted to a good
solvent regime, where two-body repulsion leads to chain swelling. We extend the
variational method to a poor solvent regime where the balance between the
two-body attractive and the three-body repulsive interactions leads to
contraction of the chain to form a globule. By employing the Ginzburg
criterion, we recover the correct scaling for the -temperature. The
introduction of the three-body interaction term in the variational scheme
recovers the correct scaling for the two important length scales in the globule
- its overall size , and the thermal blob size . Since these two
length scales follow very different statistics - Gaussian on length scales
, and space filling on length scale - our approach extends the
validity of the uniform expansion method to non-uniform contraction rendering
it applicable to polymeric systems with attractive interactions. We present one
such application by studying the Rayleigh instability of polyelectrolyte
globules in poor solvents. At a critical fraction of charged monomers, ,
along the chain backbone, we observe a clear indication of a first-order
transition from a globular state at small , to a stretched state at large
; in the intermediate regime the bistable equilibrium between these two
states shows the existence of a pearl-necklace structure.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Knots in Charged Polymers
The interplay of topological constraints and Coulomb interactions in static
and dynamic properties of charged polymers is investigated by numerical
simulations and scaling arguments. In the absence of screening, the long-range
interaction localizes irreducible topological constraints into tight molecular
knots, while composite constraints are factored and separated. Even when the
forces are screened, tight knots may survive as local (or even global)
equilibria, as long as the overall rigidity of the polymer is dominated by the
Coulomb interactions. As entanglements involving tight knots are not easy to
eliminate, their presence greatly influences the relaxation times of the
system. In particular, we find that tight knots in open polymers are removed by
diffusion along the chain, rather than by opening up. The knot diffusion
coefficient actually decreases with its charge density, and for highly charged
polymers the knot's position appears frozen.Comment: Revtex4, 9 pages, 9 eps figure
Folding of the Triangular Lattice with Quenched Random Bending Rigidity
We study the problem of folding of the regular triangular lattice in the
presence of a quenched random bending rigidity + or - K and a magnetic field h
(conjugate to the local normal vectors to the triangles). The randomness in the
bending energy can be understood as arising from a prior marking of the lattice
with quenched creases on which folds are favored. We consider three types of
quenched randomness: (1) a ``physical'' randomness where the creases arise from
some prior random folding; (2) a Mattis-like randomness where creases are
domain walls of some quenched spin system; (3) an Edwards-Anderson-like
randomness where the bending energy is + or - K at random independently on each
bond. The corresponding (K,h) phase diagrams are determined in the hexagon
approximation of the cluster variation method. Depending on the type of
randomness, the system shows essentially different behaviors.Comment: uses harvmac (l), epsf, 17 figs included, uuencoded, tar compresse
Elasticity of Gaussian and nearly-Gaussian phantom networks
We study the elastic properties of phantom networks of Gaussian and
nearly-Gaussian springs. We show that the stress tensor of a Gaussian network
coincides with the conductivity tensor of an equivalent resistor network, while
its elastic constants vanish. We use a perturbation theory to analyze the
elastic behavior of networks of slightly non-Gaussian springs. We show that the
elastic constants of phantom percolation networks of nearly-Gaussian springs
have a power low dependence on the distance of the system from the percolation
threshold, and derive bounds on the exponents.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. E, 10 pages, 1 figur
Statistical properties of charged interfaces
We consider the equilibrium statistical properties of interfaces submitted to
competing interactions; a long-range repulsive Coulomb interaction inherent to
the charged interface and a short-range, anisotropic, attractive one due to
either elasticity or confinement. We focus on one-dimensional interfaces such
as strings. Model systems considered for applications are mainly aggregates of
solitons in polyacetylene and other charge density wave systems, domain lines
in uniaxial ferroelectrics and the stripe phase of oxides. At zero temperature,
we find a shape instability which lead, via phase transitions, to tilted
phases. Depending on the regime, elastic or confinement, the order of the
zero-temperature transition changes. Thermal fluctuations lead to a pure
Coulomb roughening of the string, in addition to the usual one, and to the
presence of angular kinks. We suggest that such instabilities might explain the
tilting of stripes in cuprate oxides. The 3D problem of the charged wall is
also analyzed. The latter experiences instabilities towards various tilted
phases separated by a tricritical point in the elastic regime. In the
confinement regime, the increase of dimensionality favors either the melting of
the wall into a Wigner crystal of its constituent charges or a strongly
inclined wall which might have been observed in nickelate oxides.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
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