Efficient One-Pot Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Evaluation of Their Enhanced Anticancer Activity toward Human Cancer Cell Lines.

This study mainly deals with an effective one-pot solvothermal synthetic pathway for the preparation of uniformly dispersed zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the flattened rough surface of reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2/rGO NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata. After obtaining detailed information on the preparation and characterization, the anticancer activity of the synthesized ZrO2/rGO nanocrystals (NCs) was evaluated on two human cancer cell lines (A549 and HCT116) along with one normal human cell line (hMSC). The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays revealed that ZrO2/rGO NCs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity pattern. The cell viability (%) drastically decreases up to 96-98% after exposure to an optimal concentration of 10 ppm nanocomposites. Analysis of both the reactive oxygen species generation and the Annexin V-FTIC staining assays reveal that ZrO2/rGO NCs have the ability to induce apoptosis in A549 and HCT116 cell lines. Thus, the green synthesis of ZrO2/rGO NCs shows potential in developing efficient therapeutic agents for cancer therapy

Biofabricated Palladium Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using the Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Peel Extract: Investigation of Potent In Vivo Hepatoprotective Activity against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Albino Rats.

Acute acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is a predominant clinical problem, which causes serious liver injury in both humans and experimental animals. This study presents the histological and biochemical factor and antioxidant enzyme level changes induced by an acute acetaminophen overdose in Wistar albino rat livers to elucidate the effective hepatoprotective potential of biofabricated palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (rGO/PdNPs-NC) compared to silymarin. After detailed characterization of the hepatoprotective potential of the synthesized rGO/PdNPs-NC, the rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6): control group (normal saline, 1 mL/kg b.w.), silymarin, Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract, PdNPs, reduced graphene oxide (rGO-PG), and reduced graphene oxide palladium nanocomposites (rGO/PdNPs-NC, low and high doses) for 7 successive days. The acetaminophen (APAP)-treated group was administered a single dose of acetaminophen (2 g/kg b.w.) on the 8th day. The histopathological results showed that the acetaminophen overdose group exhibited massive intrahepatic hemorrhagic necrosis around the centrilobular region with hepatocytes with vacuolization and swollen cytoplasm found in the liver architecture. This hepatopotential was further assessed by various biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, ALB, ALP, LDH, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and total protein. Also, the antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH, GRD, and GST were assayed. Rats of groups 7 and 8 showed a significant decrease in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin (p < 0.001), while a significant increase in the final total protein and ALB as compared to group 2 rats (p < 0.001) was observed. The antioxidant parameters exhibited that rats of groups 7 and 8 showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the level of SOD, CAT, GSH, GRD, and GST without affecting the MDA as compared to group 2 rats. Also, the hepatoprotective potential of rGO/PdNPs-NC (low and high doses) was comparable to that of the standard reference drug silymarin. The present study reveals that the rGO/PdNPs-NC possesses significant hepatoprotective activity and acts as an effective and promising curative agent against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

One-Pot Solvothermal Synthetic Route of a Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: An Advanced Material with a Novel Anticancer Theranostic Approach.

Publication status: PublishedThis study focuses on a one-pot solvothermal synthetic route for the preparation of uniformly decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO/ZnO-NC) by using Andrographis paniculata leaf aqueous extract as an eco-friendly reducing agent. After characterizing the samples by different physical and chemical techniques, the anticancer activity of the synthesized rGO/ZnO-NC was examined on two human cancerous cell lines (HCT116 and A549) and one normal cell line (hMSCs). The MTT assays revealed that rGO/ZnO-NC exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity at a maximum concentration range of 10 ppm and the viability of the cells was drastically decreased to 95-96%. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Annexin V-FTIC staining assay revealed that rGO/ZnO-NC induced apoptosis in HCT116 and A549 cell lines. Thus, this study shows that the green-synthesized rGO/ZnO-NC has great potential in developing an efficacious novel therapeutic agent for cancers