Property Law—Minnesota’s Lake Shore Property Owners Without Road Access Find Themselves up a Creek Without a Paddle—In Re Daniel for the Establishment of a Cartway

Minnesotans have always taken pride in the vast rivers and lakes intricately woven throughout the state. This land-water mosaic has always been integral to state development. Yet regardless of how vital Minnesota\u27s lakes are considered to be, the law must keep apace with the dynamic and innovative society it serves. Today, the typical Minnesotan thinks in terms of driving to work, not rowing. The Daniel decision thus renders Minnesota\u27s cartway statute obsolete due to modern modes of transportation. In examining the Daniel decision, this case note begins with the historical development of Minnesota\u27s cartway legislation and an overview of the state power utilized in condemning cartways. A brief comparison is then made between statutory cartways and the typical common law easement by necessity. A description of the relevant facts and reasoning of the Daniel decision follows. This note contends that the Daniel court correctly limited its decision to one of statutory interpretation. The court properly interpreted the statute in consideration of the state transportation arena that existed in 1913. The cartway statute and its interpretation are then compared to current water access trends in both statutory and common law. This note concludes that Minnesota\u27s cartway statute, as interpreted by the Minnesota Supreme Court, finds itself antiquated and in need of amendment due to the transportation needs of today\u27s society

The Met Costume Institute: Evolution, Metamorphosis, and Cultural Phenomenon

The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Costume Institute is much more than just a stagnant collection of historic dress artifacts – it’s a living, breathing cultural entity that has served as a gateway into the history of fashionable dress and accessories for men, women, and children. Unlike other museums that house these historic fashion items, the Met Costume Institute has evolved into a cultural phenomenon with its connection to Vogue, the Met Gala, and the thematic exhibitions that are displayed once or twice a year. By investigating the evolution and metamorphosis of the Met Costume Institute, this research aims to understand and identify how its exhibitions and Gala diverged from the world of staid historic costume and transformed into the mainstream cultural event that it is today. Numerous interconnected factors are applicable in having shaped this phenomenon, such as the prominence of fashion in culture, the rise of celebrity culture, and media in the digital age. This research is not only important in understanding the influence of fashion in popular media, but more specifically, in how fashion museum culture can affect the modern vernacular and behavior in society

Mn induced modifications of Ga 3d photoemission from (Ga, Mn)As: evidence for long range effects

Using synchrotron based photoemission, we have investigated the Mn-induced changes in Ga 3d core level spectra from as-grown ${\rm Ga}_{1-x}{\rm Mn}_{x}{\rm As}$. Although Mn is located in Ga substitutional sites, and does therefore not have any Ga nearest neighbours, the impact of Mn on the Ga core level spectra is pronounced even at Mn concentrations in the range of 0.5%. The analysis shows that each Mn atom affects a volume corresponding to a sphere with around 1.4 nm diameter.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review B, Brief Repor

Ferromagnetism and interlayer exchange coupling in short period (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs superlattices

Magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs superlattices are investigated. The structures contain magnetic (Ga,Mn)As layers, separated by thin layers of non-magnetic GaAs spacer. The short period Ga$_{0.93}$Mn$_{0.07}$As/GaAs superlattices exhibit a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition close to 60K, for thicknesses of (Ga,Mn)As down to 23 \AA. For Ga$_{0.96}$Mn$_{0.04}$As/GaAs superlattices of similar dimensions, the Curie temperature associated with the ferromagnetic transition is found to oscillate with the thickness of non magnetic spacer. The observed oscillations are related to an interlayer exchange interaction mediated by the polarized holes of the (Ga,Mn)As layers.Comment: REVTeX 4 style; 4 pages, 2 figure

Influence of annealing parameters on the ferromagnetic properties of optimally passivated (Ga,Mn)As epilayers

The influence of annealing parameters - temperature and time - on the magnetic properties of As-capped (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial thin films have been investigated. The dependence of the transition temperature (Tc) on annealing time marks out two regions. The Tc peak behavior, characteristic of the first region, is more pronounced for thick samples, while for the second (`saturated') region the effect of the annealing time is more pronounced for thin samples. A right choice of the passivation medium, growth conditions along with optimal annealing parameters routinely yield Tc-values of ~ 150 K and above, regardless of the thickness of the epilayers.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure