Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity of Vitex negundo: An Overview

Now days a herbal and traditional medicines mostly used in all over the world according to WHO, about 60 to 65% world population practicing herbal and traditional medicines. Vitex negundo Linn. is an aromatic herb belong to family Verbenaceae. It is also known as Nirgundi, Five leaved chaste tree. Plants have many chemical constituents as flavonoids, volatile oil, triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignan, flavones, glycosides, iridoid glycosides and stilbene derivative. These chemical constituents are present in each part of the plant. Vitex negundo extract have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, analgesic activity, antibacterial activity, antitumor activity, anti-amnesic activity, anxiolytic activity, Nephroprotective activity, anti-HIV activity, Antitubercular activity, antieosinophilic activity, anti-snake venom activity. This review article provides depth information related to plant morphology, cultivation, chemical constitutes, pharmacological activities and their medicinal uses. Keywords: Vitex negundo, Nirgundi, Casticin, Anti-Gout Activit

Standardization of an Ayurvedic Bhasma preparation and its evaluation as a potential haematinic agent

Background:Ayurveda arrangement of solution was very valued and worked on amid the brilliant time of Indian history. Three unique measurements of lauhabhasma were assessed for the haematinic movement and contrasted and that of Ferrous sulfate. The outcomes recommend that lauhabhasmas indicates noteworthy haematinic movement. Aim: The present study was designed as standardization of an Ayurvedic Bhasma preparation and its evaluation as a potential Haematinic Agent. Materials and Methods: It was evaluated by the terms of physiochemical parameters including colour, odour, taste, pH, total ash, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying, particle size determination, determination of floating property and determination of fineness and metallic luster in direct sunlight. For the pharmacological evaluations, rats were divided into 6 groups and administered as follows. Group 1: 1% Acacia; Group 2: 1% Acacia glue containing 1ml of supreme liquor for each 50 ml; Group 3: 1 ml of oral single dosage of 20mg/kg body weight/day ferrous sulfate; Group 4: I ml of oral single dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight/day of lauhabhasma; Group 5: 1 ml of oral single dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight/day of lauhabhasma and Group 6: 1 ml of oral single dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight/day of lauhabhasma. It was examined by different parameters such as RBCs, WBCs (Monocyte, Basophil, Eosinophil, lymphocytes) count, PCV, MCV, hemoglobin value, Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHbC) and Mean cell hemoglobin (MCHb).Results: In all the parameters, Ayurvedic preparation exhibited a potential hematinic effect. Conclusion:In conclusion, this examination may infer that the lauhabhasma might be exceptionally compelling ayurvedichaematinic operator and can be helpful in treatment of iron deficiency.Future aspect: In future, it might be a well-researched and promising source to subside anemia and various blood disorders. Keywords: Packed cell volume (PCV), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cells (RBCs) and White blood cells (WBCs)

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Quercetin like Structure from Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae)

The present study was conducted to isolate and classify Dalbergia sissoo (L.) bioactive compounds. The genus consists of 300 species in India, including 25 species. The generic name Dalbergia honors the 18th century Swedish brothers Nils and Carl Dalberg. Various phytoconstituents of alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenoids were isolated and classified from different parts of the plant. Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Column Chromatography were used to isolate spots from the fraction of the crude extract to elucidate the chemical structure of Dalbergia sissoo (L.) leaf extract. Potential spots have been exposed to techniques of FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Column chromatography was exposed to the raw extract, obtaining 125 fractions, conducting TLC. Among them was a single band in TLC, characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, and the structure was known as Quercetin. The results of this study indicate the effective potential compound of the ethanolic fraction of Dalbergia sissoo (L.). Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo; Isolation & Structure Elucidation; FTIR; NMR spectroscopy; Mass spectroscopy

Analysis of animal models based on pre-clinical symptoms of gout

Gout is a type of arthritis, which is a group of related disorders caused by episodes of abnormal inflammation in the joints. It is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism and hyperuricemia is caused by abnormalities of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for gout, heart disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, and acute and chronic kidney disease. This research may attract widespread interest to researchers focusing on the different types of crystalline arthritis. There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis, gout and pseudo-gout, septic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, still's disease etc. Many animal models are available to get rid of gout, mainly the hyperuricemia animal model, monosodium urate air pouch gout model, Intra-articular gout in rat, Paw edema, Gouty Arthritis Model, and Gouty nephropathy model. Various investigations have created a reliable and economical animal model for arthritis in a relatively short brief timeframe, manifested by long-term gross and behavioral abnormalities along with intra-articular monosodium urate deposition and tophi formation. Lately years, hyperuricemia disease has gradually increased in the world. There are many updates that can be made by taking the arthritis model. If such a situation prevails, then in a few years, the patients of gout can increase in great quantity and there is some treatment for this disease. In any case, further review is really needed to focus on its particular pathogenesis and drugs. Keywords: Gout, Arthritis, Gout Animal Model, Inflammation, Hyperuricemia, monosodium urate, crystalline arthritis

Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical Study on the Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn

Aim: To rationalize the macroscopial, microscopical and physico-chemical studies on leaves of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Methods: The pharmacognostic characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. was using physico-chemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical investigation (TLC). Results: The microscopic study shows the general characteristic of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the established pharmacognostic profile of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves will be helpful in developing pharmacopoeial standards for correct identification and quality control. The present observation will also be helpful in macroscopical and microscopical on leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Pharmacognostical Study, Macroscopial and Microscopical studie