Behaviour of Surface Strip Footing on Soft Soil Subjected to Eccentrical and Inclined Load

The soil around foundation plays a very critical role during its performance. The strip foundation is one in which inclined or eccentric loads surrounds soil mass beneath footing. The strip form an enclosure in which soil is confined and works as a unit with the overlain foundation to transfer superstructure load to essentially at the level of strip resulting increase in the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure. This present works is an attempt to behavior of strip footing subjected to an eccentric and inclined load on soft soil. The failure mechanism of strip footing located above the soils is studied analytically. The present work focused on the analysis of strip footing subjected to inclined and eccentric load using finite element software PLAXIS 2D. The various parameter considered for the study were inclined load, eccentric load, inclination angle, width of strip footing(B), depth of footing in terms of height(H), the ratio of eccentricity from applied to the width of footing(e/B), plasticity index of soft soil. Figures involving the load carrying capacity with affecting factors presented. The result indicates the strip foundation had significant effect in improving the ultimate bearing capacity with different plasticity index. The depth of footing does not show any improvement in ultimate bearing capacity

Analytical approach to the determination of dynamic characteristics of a cracked beam

A wide spectrum of investigations devoted to the determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes of beams with an open crack are presented in the literature. However, as is well known, an open crack is a fairly crude model of a fatigue crack. The study of the dynamic characteristics of a beam with a closing crack is the main aim of the present paper. The analytical approach which enables one to determine the effect of crack parameters (crack magnitude and location) on different dynamic characteristics of a cantilever Bernoulli} Euler beam with a closing edge transverse crack is performed. Natural frequencies, mode shapes and distortion of time functions describing wave shapes of displacement, acceleration and strain of different cross-sections of a beam are considered as dynamic characteristics to be investigated. The general solution of the problem is derived from the synthesis of particular solutions obtained for the crack-free beam and for the beam with an open crack. The possibility of origination of several modes of vibrations during crack opening is taken into account as well as the peculiarity of strain distribution in the vicinity of a crack. It is shown that analytically predicted relationships between the dynamic characteristics of a cracked beam and crack parameters are well-founded. The analytical approach makes it possible to solve the inverse problem of damage diagnostics with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes

Electrochemical Synthesis of Copper Thin Films: Nucleation and Growth Analysis

Thins films are deposited on bulk materials to attain properties which are superior to the parent substrates. In this project Cu thin films have been synthesized on graphite substrate using the electrodeposition technique. Deposition occurs by a process of nucleation and growth. The mechanisms related to the initial stages of the nucleation and growth of Cu thin films on the rough face side of graphite have been studied as a function of temperature, Cu concentration and acid concentration. The analysis of the corresponding potentiostatic j/t transients suggests that the deposition takes place according to instantaneous nucleation 3D diffusion controlled growth, giving account for the formation of hemispherical nuclei. The extent of nucleation was found to be increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing metal ion and acid concentration, with spherical copper deposition. Ex situ SEM images and XRD analysis of the surface seem to support these assumptions

OPAMP Realization and PID Controller Fabrication

The PID control is the most commonly known for control process utilized as a part of industries for controlling action. The basic technique for PID controllers makes it simple to coordinate the process output. As the term PID suggest, it comprises of three separate constant parameters which are adjusted in order to get ideal, steady and faster response. In the control process, the majority of control loops based upon proportional, integral and derivative controller. For specific process, the tuning of three parameters of controller is able to provide specific control action to the system. Design methods leading to an optimal and effective operation of PID controllers are economically vital for process industries. The main focus of the project is about study of OPAMP and fabrication of an analog PID Controller using the three control parameters. The Controller design is demonstrated through simulation in order to get an output of better dynamic and static performance. The controller is fabricated on hardware after the test of individual terms:-proportional, integral and derivative. The resultant output from controller is observed using the oscilloscope

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in patients presenting with severe limb paralysis at PUMHSW Nawabshah

Objective: To determine the hypokalemic periodic paralysis rate in patients presenting with severe limb paralysis at PUMHSW Nawabshah. Methodology: This descriptive was conducted Medical department of Peoples Medical College & hospital Nawabshah from October 2017 to April 2018. All the patients having age 20-50 years of either gender with severe limb paralysis at Intensive care unit & medical ward of Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshah were included. Demographics information was obtained. After clinical examination along with detailed medical history regarding hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) and severe limb paralysis, patients were subjected to relevant investigations especially potassium and x-rays. Data was collected via self-made proforma. Results: Total of 150 patients were studied; their mean age was 33.4±5.69 years.  22(14.7%) study subjects were female and 128(85.3%) were male patients. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis was seen in 77(51.3%) patients, presenting with severe limb paralysis. There was significant impact of age and gender on frequency of Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Conclusion: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is a significant factor of acute flaccid paralysis, as well as prompt management and early recognition of this condition would give pleasing result and in some cases, it would prevent additional attacks

Drinking water quality in Rohri City, Sindh, Pakistan

Groundwater and surface water samples from Rohri city were analyzed for the presence of total coliform (TC), E. coli (Ec) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC). The samples were collected before and after storage. The bacteriological analysis was carried out by membrane filtration and spread plate count (SPC) technique. The pre-storage ground water samples were found to be contaminated with TC (25%), Ec (12.5%) and HPC (45%). All post-storage groundwater samples were found to be contaminated with TC (100%), Ec (41.6%) and with HPC (100%); the number of TC, Ec and HPC in post-storage groundwater samples was very high. The difference in number of colony forming units (cfu/100ml) between pre and post-storage groundwater samples was significant (p= 0.0001). The pre-storage surface water samples from main storage reservoirs and post-storage surface water samples from households were also found to be contaminated with TC (100%), Ec (100%) and HPC (100%). A significant (p= 0.002) difference in the number of cfu/ 100ml of ground water and in surface water samples was recorded. The quality of surface water was very poor as compared to groundwater in terms of microbial content and further declined after storage indicating lack of hygiene in the study  populationKey words: Groundwater, households, gastroenteritis and waterborne

New Tools for Dengue Diagnostics

Dengue caused by four antigenically distinct serotype remains a serious health concern around the world, particularly in the tropical areas. Clinical signs and symptoms of this disease are indistinguishable from other infectious disease; therefore, laboratory diagnosis is very crucial for confirming the disease that will be useful for the patient’s management. In laboratory, dengue can be confirmed using cell culture, RNA detection, and serological detection based on ELISA and immunochromatographic test. However, each of these methods has certain practical limitations. Therefore, researchers from all over the world have been working to address these limitations. In this chapter, we will highlight the current research toward the development of novel point-of-care test for the diagnosis of dengue in acute and convalescent phase

Sludge Acts as a Catalyst for Coal during the Co-Combustion Process Investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis

Sewage sludge in China has the characteristics of low organic content and low heating value compared with other developed countries. Self-sustaining combustion of Chinese sludge cannot be achieved when the moisture content is high. Co-combusting a small amount of sludge in the existing coal-fired boilers is a usual sludge disposal method in China. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of a bituminous coal, three different sewage sludges, and their blends have been carried out. Fitted curves by linear calculation and actual curves of blends were compared to study the interaction between sludge and coal in their co-combustion process. The results indicate that the interaction between the two fuels takes place during the devolatilization and combustion period. Sludge acts as a catalyst for coal during the co-combustion process because of the large amount of inorganic salts contained in the sludge. Co-combustion of coal and sludge is more efficient than single burning of the two fuels