8 research outputs found
LEEC: A Legal Element Extraction Dataset with an Extensive Domain-Specific Label System
As a pivotal task in natural language processing, element extraction has
gained significance in the legal domain. Extracting legal elements from
judicial documents helps enhance interpretative and analytical capacities of
legal cases, and thereby facilitating a wide array of downstream applications
in various domains of law. Yet existing element extraction datasets are limited
by their restricted access to legal knowledge and insufficient coverage of
labels. To address this shortfall, we introduce a more comprehensive,
large-scale criminal element extraction dataset, comprising 15,831 judicial
documents and 159 labels. This dataset was constructed through two main steps:
first, designing the label system by our team of legal experts based on prior
legal research which identified critical factors driving and processes
generating sentencing outcomes in criminal cases; second, employing the legal
knowledge to annotate judicial documents according to the label system and
annotation guideline. The Legal Element ExtraCtion dataset (LEEC) represents
the most extensive and domain-specific legal element extraction dataset for the
Chinese legal system. Leveraging the annotated data, we employed various SOTA
models that validates the applicability of LEEC for Document Event Extraction
(DEE) task. The LEEC dataset is available on https://github.com/THUlawtech/LEEC
Bovine Milk Proteome: Milk Fat Globule Membrane Protein Is the Most Sensitive Fraction in Response to High Somatic Cell Count
The impacts of high milk somatic cell count (SCC) on
different
milk fractions are not well understood. In this study, proteins in
milk exosomes, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and whey from cows
with low (5 cells/mL, CG) and high SCC (>5 Ă—
105 cells/mL, HSG) were identified using a tandem mass
tag proteomic approach. In total, 1568, 2160, and 1002 proteins were
identified, with 65, 552, and 98 proteins being altered by high SCC
in exosomes, MFGM, and whey, respectively. With high SCC, the exosome
marker (ACTB) was increased in the exosomes of HSG. The main MFGM
proteins (BTN1A1, PLIN3, FABP3, and MFGE8) and functional proteins
(MUC1, IGSF5, TLR5, and CD36/14) were decreased, while the lipid/energy
metabolism-related proteins were increased in the MFGM of HSG. The
glycolysis-related proteins were increased in the whey of HSG. Also,
the host defense/inflammation-related proteins were changed in three
fractions under high SCCs. MFGM was the most sensitive fraction to
a high SCC, followed by whey. These findings provide guidance for
the early detection of unhealthy mammary glands
Bovine Milk Proteome: Milk Fat Globule Membrane Protein Is the Most Sensitive Fraction in Response to High Somatic Cell Count
The impacts of high milk somatic cell count (SCC) on
different
milk fractions are not well understood. In this study, proteins in
milk exosomes, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and whey from cows
with low (5 cells/mL, CG) and high SCC (>5 Ă—
105 cells/mL, HSG) were identified using a tandem mass
tag proteomic approach. In total, 1568, 2160, and 1002 proteins were
identified, with 65, 552, and 98 proteins being altered by high SCC
in exosomes, MFGM, and whey, respectively. With high SCC, the exosome
marker (ACTB) was increased in the exosomes of HSG. The main MFGM
proteins (BTN1A1, PLIN3, FABP3, and MFGE8) and functional proteins
(MUC1, IGSF5, TLR5, and CD36/14) were decreased, while the lipid/energy
metabolism-related proteins were increased in the MFGM of HSG. The
glycolysis-related proteins were increased in the whey of HSG. Also,
the host defense/inflammation-related proteins were changed in three
fractions under high SCCs. MFGM was the most sensitive fraction to
a high SCC, followed by whey. These findings provide guidance for
the early detection of unhealthy mammary glands
Effects of Caffeine on Performances of Simulated Match, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and Cognitive Function Test of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in Hong Kong
This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on performances of simulated match, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), and cognitive function test of elite taekwondo athletes. Ten elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong volunteered to participate in two main trials in a randomized double-blinded crossover design. In each main trial, 1 h after consuming a drink with caffeine (CAF) or a placebo drink without caffeine (PLA), the participants completed two simulated taekwondo match sessions followed by the WAnT. The participants were instructed to complete three cognitive function tests, namely the Eriksen Flanker Test (EFT), Stroop Test, and Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, at baseline, before exercise, and immediately after the simulated matches. They were also required to wear functional near-infrared spectroscopy equipment during these tests. Before exercise, the reaction time in the EFT was shorter in the CAF trial than in the PLA trial (PLA: 494.9 ± 49.2 ms vs. CAF: 467.9 ± 38.0 ms, p = 0.035). In the WAnT, caffeine intake increased the peak power and mean power per unit of body weight (by approximately 13% and 6%, respectively, p = 0.018 & 0.042). The performance in the simulated matches was not affected by caffeine intake (p = 0.168). In conclusion, caffeine intake enhances anaerobic power and may improve certain cognitive functions of elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong. However, this may not be enough to improve the simulated match performance
Camrelizumab combined with apatinib and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma (CAPAP-lung): a single-arm phase II studyResearch in context
Summary: Background: Platinum-doublet chemotherapy plus immunotherapy has been the standard of care for the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer lacking actional driver mutations. However, optimization of drug combinations is still needed to find a better balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety in the immunotherapy era. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of platinum-free albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) combined with camrelizumab and apatinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: In this multicenter open-label, single-arm phase II trial, patients with systemic treatment-naïve advanced lung adenocarcinoma without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations received a rational-based combination of camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously, day one), apatinib (250 mg, q.d., five continuous days per week), and nab-paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 intravenously, days one and eight) every three weeks for four to six cycles in China. Patients with controlled disease were maintained with camrelizumab and apatinib. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04459078). Findings: Between August 26, 2020 and May 20, 2022, 64 patients were enrolled. The median PFS was 14.3 (95% CI: 9.9, not reached) months. The confirmed objective response rate was 64.1% (95% CI: 51.1, 75.7). The grade 3–4 hematologic treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were decreased neutrophil count (14.1%), decreased white blood cell count (7.8%), and anemia (3.1%). The most common non-hematologic TRAEs of grade 3–4 were increased alanine transaminase (18.8%) and aspartate transaminase (15.6%). No treatment-related death occurred. The quality of life was on average not clinically meaningful worse through treatment cycle 14. Interpretation: Nab-paclitaxel plus camrelizumab and apatinib showed clinically meaningful anti-tumor activity and manageable safety, with few hematologic toxicities, and might be a potential treatment option in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma lacking EGFR/ALK mutations. Funding: Heath Research Foundation of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan, Sister Institution Network Fund of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, and Suzhou Sheng Diya Biomedical Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)
Multiscale Interface Engineering of Sulfur-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Anode for Ultrafast and Robust Sodium Storage
Sodium-ion
batteries (SIBs) are a promising electrochemical energy
storage system; however, their practical application is hindered by
the sluggish kinetics and interfacial instability of anode-active
materials. Here, to circumvent these issues, we proposed the multiscale
interface engineering of S-doped TiO2 electrodes with minor
sulfur/carbon inlaying (S/C@sTiO2), where the electrode–electrolyte
interface (SEI) and electrode-current collector interface (ECI) are
tuned to improve the Na-storage performance. It is found that the
S dopant greatly promotes the Na+ diffusion kinetics. Moreover,
the ether electrolyte generates much less NaF in the cycled electrode,
but relatively richer NaF in the SEI in comparison to fluoroethylene
carbonate-contained ester electrolyte, leading to a thin (9 nm), stable,
and kinetically favorable SEI film. More importantly, the minor sodium
polysulfide intermediates chemically interact with the Cu current
collector to form a Cu2S interface between the electrode
and the Cu foil. The conductive tree root-like Cu2S ECI
serves not only as active sites to boost the specific capacity but
also as a 3D “second current collector” to reinforce
the electrode and improve the Na+ reaction kinetics. The
synergy of S-doping and optimized SEI and ECI realizes large specific
capacity (464.4 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1), ultrahigh rate capability (305.8 mAh g–1 at
50 A g–1), and ultrastable cycling performance (91.5%
capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 5 A g–1).
To the best of our knowledge, the overall SIB performances of S/C@sTiO2 are the best among all of the TiO2-based electrodes