sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231207206 - Supplemental material for A mobile-based airway clearance care system using deep learning-based vision technology to support personalized home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COAD patients: Development and usability testing

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231207206 for A mobile-based airway clearance care system using deep learning-based vision technology to support personalized home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COAD patients: Development and usability testing by Jun-Ming Su, Kuan-Yuan Chen, Sheng-Ming Wu, Kang-Yun Lee and Shu-Chuan Ho in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

Expression of IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in AM and PBMC of TB patients.

<p>The mRNA levels of IP-10/CXCL10 (left panel) and IL-8/CXCL8 (right panel) in (A) alveolar macrophages (AM) and (B) PBMC of TB patients with high bacterial load (High AFB, n = 6) are significantly higher than that of low bacterial load TB patients (Low AFB, n = 6) and normal subjects (Normal, n = 8). Values were normalized by GAPDH. Data are means ± SE. *p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<i><</i>0.001 compared with normal subjects. # p<0.01 compared with low bacterial load TB patients.</p

Transcript and sequence of each primer used in real time RT-PCR and ChIP assays.

<p><i>Abbreviations</i>: F =  forward; R =  reverse; IP-10 =  Interferon gamma-induced protein-10; IL-8 =  interleukin-8; NRF  =  NF-κB repressing factor; ChIP  =  chromatin immunoprecipitation.</p

Sequence comparison of the NRE sites in IFN-β, IL-8/CXCL8, hiNOS, IP-10/CXCL10 promoters.

<p>Sequence comparison of the NRE sites in IFN-β, IL-8/CXCL8, hiNOS, IP-10/CXCL10 promoters.</p

Expression of NRF in AM and PBMC in normal subjects and TB patients.

<p>(A) The expression of NRF in alveolar macrophages (AM) and PBMC in normal subjects (Left panel) and pulmonary TB patients (Right panel) by confocal image analysis. AM and PBMC were labeled by anti-NRF-cy3 and Hoechst dye. (B) The expression of NRF mRNA in AM (Left panel) and PBMC (Right panel) of patients with high bacterial load (High AFB, n = 6) is significantly higher than those of TB patients with low bacterial load (Low AFB, n = 6) or normal subjects (Normal, n = 8). (C) The intracellular load of <i>M. TB</i> in AM in terms of ribosomal RNA (AMTD response) is significantly positively correlated to the NRF expression levels in AM of TB patients. (D) The level of NRF expression in TB patients was significantly higher in AMs compared to the corresponding PBMCs. Data are means ± SE. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p

Increased NF-κB subunits, release of IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-8/CXCL8 in pulmonary TB.

<p>TransAM assay to measure the NF-κB subunit p65 and p50 activities reveals (A) an increase in basal state both p65 and p50 activities in PBMC of pulmonary TB patients (n = 5) compared with those of normal subjects (n = 4), * p<0.05 compared with normal subjects; (B) the release of IP-10/CXCL10 (Left panel) and IL-8/CXCL8 (Right panel) from PBMC of TB patients (n = 5) is significantly inhibited by NF-κB inhibitors either JSH-23 (5 and 50 μM) or Helenalin (0.5 μM) compared to those of the vehicle (0 μM). Data are means ± S.E. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 compared to the vehicle.</p

Inhibition of NRF increased the release of IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-8/CXCL8 from PBMC of TB patients.

<p>(A) Transfection with siRNA targeting NRF (SiNRF) or scramble control (Scramble) for 48 hours significantly decreased the expression of NRF protein in PBMCs of TB patients. (B) SiNRF transfection (SiNRF) significantly increases the release of IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-8/CXCL8 from PBMCs of TB patients with high bacterial load (n = 4) compared to scramble control (Scramble). (C) PBMC of normal subjects (n = 4) were transfected with SiNRF or Scramble for 48 hours, and then incubated with heated TB 5 μg/ml for 6 hours. Transfection with SiNRF significantly increased heated TB-induced release of IP-10/CXCL10 and of IL-8/CXCL8. (D) PBMC of normal subjects (n = 4) were transfected with NRF plasmid or vector for 24 hours, and then incubated with heated TB 5 μg/ml for 6 hours. Overexpression of NRF significantly decreased the heated TB-induced release of IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-8/CXCL8 from PBMC. Data are means ± S.E. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p

Increased intracellular ribosomal RNA in AM from TB patients.

<p>The Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (AMTD) test that measures the intracellular ribosomal RNA in AM of pulmonary TB patients is significantly higher in patients with high M. TB load of sputum (High AFB, n = 6) than that of patients with low sputum bacterial load (Low AFB, n = 6). Data are mean ± SE. *** p<0.001.</p

Characteristics of normal subjects and patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

<p>Values presented as mean ± SEM.</p><p><i>Abbreviations:</i> AM  =  Alveolar macrophages; NA  =  not available; BAL  =  Bronchoalveolar lavage.</p><p>1 Resistance to either isoniazid, rifampin, or streptomycin.</p>*<p>p<0.05, ** p<0.01 compared with normal subjects. † p<0.05, †† p<0.01 compared with AFB-low.</p

Multivariate analysis of major factors associated with multiple organs dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe sepsis.

<p><i>Definitions of abbreviation</i>: EVLWI =  extravascular lung water index; SOFA =  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; APACHE =  acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; PaO2 =  partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; FiO2 =  fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP =  positive end-expiratory pressure.</p><p>*<i>p</i> value for difference between groups <0.05.</p