11,932 research outputs found
NaturalFinger: Generating Natural Fingerprint with Generative Adversarial Networks
Deep neural network (DNN) models have become a critical asset of the model
owner as training them requires a large amount of resource (i.e. labeled data).
Therefore, many fingerprinting schemes have been proposed to safeguard the
intellectual property (IP) of the model owner against model extraction and
illegal redistribution. However, previous schemes adopt unnatural images as the
fingerprint, such as adversarial examples and noisy images, which can be easily
perceived and rejected by the adversary. In this paper, we propose
NaturalFinger which generates natural fingerprint with generative adversarial
networks (GANs). Besides, our proposed NaturalFinger fingerprints the decision
difference areas rather than the decision boundary, which is more robust. The
application of GAN not only allows us to generate more imperceptible samples,
but also enables us to generate unrestricted samples to explore the decision
boundary.To demonstrate the effectiveness of our fingerprint approach, we
evaluate our approach against four model modification attacks including
adversarial training and two model extraction attacks. Experiments show that
our approach achieves 0.91 ARUC value on the FingerBench dataset (154 models),
exceeding the optimal baseline (MetaV) over 17\%
Domestic bureaucratic politics and Chinese foreign policy
One of the outstanding features of China’s domestic politics is the prominence of the bureaucracy in the policy-making process. Arguably, bureaucracy is the next major player in the policy-making process in China after the top leaders. In this article, the three following aspects of the role of bureaucracy in the Chinese foreign policy-making process are examined: (1) the structure of the bureaucracy, especially the main agencies of the bureaucracy involved in foreign policy making; (2) the respective responsibilities of these agencies and their roles in the process; and (3) inter-agency coordination including the resolution of conflict among them. It observes that while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs plays a key role in the process, other ministries and bureaucratic agencies have significant and even growing input in an increasing number of functional areas, such as trade, finance, economy, climate change, soft power and military affairs. In addition, coordination among these agencies has become a key in the policy-making process
Deconfinement Phase Transition Heating and Thermal Evolution of Neutron Stars
The deconfinement phase transition will lead to the release of latent heat
during spins down of neutron stars if the transition is the first-order one.We
have investigated the thermal evolution of neutron stars undergoing such
deconfinement phase transition. The results show that neutron stars may be
heated to higher temperature.This feature could be particularly interesting for
high temperature of low-magnetic field millisecond pulsar at late stage.Comment: 4 pages, to be published by American Institute of Physics, ed. D.Lai,
X.D.Li and Y.F.Yuan, as the Proceedings of the conference Astrophysics of
Compact Object
On joint analysing XMM-NuSTAR spectra of active galactic nuclei
A recently released XMM-Newton technical note has revealed a significant
calibration issue between NuSTAR and XMM-Newton EPIC, and provided an empirical
correction to EPIC effective area. To quantify the bias caused by the
calibration issue to joint analysis of XMM-NuSTAR spectra and verify the
effectiveness of the correction, in this work we perform joint-fitting of
NuSTAR and EPIC-pn spectra for a large sample of 104 observation pairs of 44
X-ray bright AGN. The spectra were extracted after requiring perfect
simultaneity between XMM-Newton and NuSTAR exposures (merging GTIs from two
missions) to avoid bias due to rapid spectral variability of AGN. Before the
correction, the EPIC-pn spectra are systematically harder than corresponding
NuSTAR spectra by , subsequently yielding significantly
underestimated cutoff energy and the strength of reflection
component R when performing joint-fitting. We confirm the correction is highly
effective and can commendably erase the discrepancy in best-fit ,
and R, and thus we urge the community to apply the correction
when joint-fitting XMM-NuSTAR spectra. Besides, we show that as merging GTIs
from two missions would cause severe loss of NuSTAR net exposure time, in many
cases joint-fitting yields no advantage compared with utilizing NuSTAR data
alone. We finally present a technical note on filtering periods of high
background flares for XMM-Newton EPIC-pn exposures in the Small Window mode.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, submitted. Comments are very welcome
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