41 research outputs found
Effect of Heart Failure on Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Severe Coronary Artery Disease
[Background] Heart failure might be an important determinant in choosing coronary revascularization modalities. There was no previous study evaluating the effect of heart failure on long‐term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) relative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). [Methods and Results] Among 14 867 consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013 in the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort‐3, we identified the current study population of 3380 patients with three‐vessel or left main coronary artery disease, and compared clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG stratified by the subgroup based on the status of heart failure. There were 827 patients with heart failure (PCI: N=511, and CABG: N=316), and 2553 patients without heart failure (PCI: N=1619, and CABG: N=934). In patients with heart failure, the PCI group compared with the CABG group more often had advanced age, severe frailty, acute and severe heart failure, and elevated inflammatory markers. During a median 5.9 years of follow‐up, there was a significant interaction between heart failure and the mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG (interaction P=0.009), with excess mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG in patients with heart failure (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28–2.42; P<0.001) and no excess mortality risk in patients without heart failure (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80–1.34; P=0.77). [Conclusions] There was a significant interaction between heart failure and the mortality risk of PCI relative to CABG with excess risk in patients with heart failure and neutral risk in patients without heart failure
Percutaneous coronary intervention using new-generation drug-eluting stents versus coronary arterial bypass grafting in stable patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease: From the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3
AIMS: There is a scarcity of studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3 enrolled 14927 consecutive patients who underwent first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013. The current study population consisted of 2464 patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either with PCI using new-generation DES (N = 1565), or with CABG (N = 899). Patients in the PCI group were older and more often had severe frailty, but had less complex coronary anatomy, and less complete revascularization than those in the CABG group. Cumulative 5-year incidence of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or stroke was not significantly different between the 2 groups (25.0% versus 21.5%, P = 0.15). However, after adjusting confounders, the excess risk of PCI relative to CABG turned to be significant for the composite endpoint (HR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55, P = 0.02). PCI as compared with CABG was associated with comparable adjusted risk for all-cause death (HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.96-1.55, P = 0.11), and stroke (HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.79-1.73, P = 0.44), but with excess adjusted risk for myocardial infarction (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.05-2.39, P = 0.03), and any coronary revascularization (HR 2.66, 95%CI 2.06-3.43, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, PCI with new-generation DES as compared with CABG was associated with excess long-term risk for major cardiovascular events in patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including LAD
ラット マンセイ シンキン コウソク モデル ニ オケル コッカクキン ガサイボウ イショク ノ シンキノウ カイゼン コウカ オ インスリンヨウ セイチョウ インシ - 1 ガ ゾウキョウスル コト ニ カンスル ケンキュウ
京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第12917号医博第3077号新制||医||944(附属図書館)UT51-2007-H190京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 中尾 一和, 教授 野間 昭典, 教授 開 祐司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA
Free Carriers versus Excitons in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Thin Films at Low Temperatures: Charge Transfer from the Orthorhombic Phase to the Tetragonal Phase
We have investigated the dynamic
optical properties of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite thin
films at low temperatures using time-resolved photoluminescence, optical
transient absorption (TA), and THz TA spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopic
results indicate that the high-temperature tetragonal phase still
remains in the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> thin films at low temperatures in
addition to the major orthorhombic phase. The fast charge transfer
from the orthorhombic phase to the tetragonal phase is likely to suppress
the formation of excitons in the orthorhombic phase. Consequently,
the near-band-edge optical responses of the photocarriers in both
the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> thin
films are more accurately described by a free-carrier model, rather
than an excitonic model even at low temperatures
Impact of Postsynthetic Surface Modification on Photoluminescence Intermittency in Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals
We
study the origin of photoluminescence (PL) intermittency in
formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr<sub>3</sub>, FA = HC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) nanocrystals and the impact of postsynthetic surface
treatments on the PL intermittency. Single-dot spectroscopy revealed
the existence of different individual nanocrystals exhibiting either
a blinking (binary on–off switching) or flickering (gradual
undulation) behavior of the PL intermittency. Although the PL lifetimes
of blinking nanocrystals clearly correlate with the individual absorption
cross sections, those of flickering nanocrystals show no correlation
with the absorption cross sections. This indicates that flickering
has an extrinsic origin, which is in contrast to blinking. We demonstrate
that the postsynthetic surface treatment with sodium thiocyanate improves
the PL quantum yields and completely suppresses the flickering, while
it has no significant effect on the blinking behavior. We conclude
that the blinking is caused by Auger recombination of charged excitons,
and the flickering is due to a temporal drift of the exciton recombination
rate induced by surface-trapped electrons
Dynamic Optical Properties of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals As Revealed by One- and Two-Photon Excited Photoluminescence Measurements
The dynamic optical properties of
perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> single crystals
were studied by means of time-resolved
photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. The PL peak
under one-photon excitation exhibits a red-shift with elapsing time,
while two-photon PL is time-independent and appears at lower energy
levels. The low-energy two-photon PL can be attributed to emissions
from the localized states because of strong band-to-band absorption
and photon re-absorption of the emitted light in the interior region.
We revealed that the PL behaviors can be explained by the diffusion
of photocarriers generated in the near-surface region to the interior
region. The excitation fluence dependence of the one-photon PL dynamics
is also discussed in terms of the electron–hole radiative recombination
and carrier diffusion effects
Dynamics of Charged Excitons and Biexcitons in CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Nanocrystals Revealed by Femtosecond Transient-Absorption and Single-Dot Luminescence Spectroscopy
Metal–halide
perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising
photonic materials for use in solar cells, light-emitting diodes,
and lasers. The optoelectronic properties of these devices are determined
by the excitons and exciton complexes confined in their NCs. In this
study, we determined the relaxation dynamics of charged excitons and
biexcitons in CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NCs using femtosecond transient-absorption
(TA), time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), and single-dot second-order
photon correlation spectroscopy. Decay times of ∼40 and ∼200
ps were obtained from the TA and PL decay curves for biexcitons and
charged excitons, respectively, in NCs with an average edge length
of 7.7 nm. The existence of charged excitons even under weak photoexcitation
was confirmed by the second-order photon correlation measurements.
We found that charged excitons play a dominant role in luminescence
processes of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NCs. Combining different spectroscopic
techniques enabled us to clarify the dynamical behaviors of excitons,
charged excitons, and biexcitons