25 research outputs found
Entre identitĂ© et rationalitĂ©Â : controverse sur lâexistence dâune philosophie africaine
Un dĂ©bat sur lâexistence dâune philosophie africaine occupe les intellectuels du continent et de ses diasporas depuis 1947. Aux tenants de la thĂšse dâune philosophie endogĂšne, solidaire des cultures africaines, sâopposent ceux qui ne conçoivent la philosophie que rapportĂ©e aux critĂšres de sa constitution comme discipline autonome, avec une histoire qui lui est propre et qui vient des Grecs, hĂ©ritĂ©e par le monde occidental. Ce cas de « conflit de vĂ©rité » divise les « ethno-philosophes » et les « euro-philosophes », ainsi que se qualifient mutuellement leurs tenants. Ă partir dâobservations menĂ©es dans deux classes terminales Ă Dakar, lâarticle propose dâobserver comment, dans un cours de philosophie, ces « vĂ©ritĂ©s en conflit » peuvent ĂȘtre prĂ©sentĂ©es et soumises Ă des exercices de rĂ©flexion, par la discussion et la recherche de solutions de dĂ©passement.A debate on the existence of an African philosophy has occupied the intellectuals of the continent and its diaspora since 1947. Supporters of the notion of an endogenous, connected philosophy of African cultures are countered by those who conceive philosophy only in relation to the criteria of its constitution as an autonomous discipline, with a history of its own and deriving from the Greeks, inherited by the Western world. This case of âconflicting truthâ divides the âethno-philosophersâ from the âEuro-philosophersâ, as their followers call each other. Based on observations in two final-year classes in Dakar, this article seeks to observe how, in a philosophy class, these âconflicting truthsâ can be presented and submitted to reflective exercises through discussion and the search for solutions to move beyond this opposition.Un debate sobre la existencia de una filosofĂa africana ocupa a los intelectuales del continente y a sus diĂĄsporas desde 1947. Frente a los partidarios de la tesis de una filosofĂa endĂłgena, solidaria de las culturas africanas, se oponen los que no conciben la filosofĂa fuera de los criterios de su constituciĂłn como disciplina autĂłnoma, con una historia propia y que procede de los Griegos, heredada por el mundo occidental. Este caso de âconflicto de verdadâ divide a los âetno-filĂłsofosâ y a los âeuro-filĂłsofosâ, nombres respectivos que se dan los partidarios de las dos aproximaciones. A partir de unas observaciones llevadas a cabo en dos clases de bachillerato en Dakar, el artĂculo propone observar cĂłmo, en una clase de filosofĂa, estas âverdades en conflictoâ pueden ser presentadas y sometidas a unos ejercicios de reflexiĂłn, por la discusiĂłn y la bĂșsqueda de soluciones de superaciĂłn
Directives pédagogiques et soubassement idéologique
Lâauteur propose une rĂ©flexion sur trois gĂ©nĂ©rations de manuels dâapprentissage du français, langue dâenseignement et dâadministration au SĂ©nĂ©gal, Ă travers deux axes, historique et didactique. Lâapproche historique aborde la question de la pĂ©riode coloniale Ă nos jours. Au plan didactique, lâauteur examine en particulier lâintĂ©rĂȘt portĂ© par les concepteurs des manuels aux aspects formels des textes littĂ©raires sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour lâĂ©tude de la langue, ainsi que les motifs politiques ou idĂ©ologiques liĂ©s aux programmes et rĂ©formes de lâenseignement de la langue par la littĂ©rature, Ă lâĂ©cole primaire et au lycĂ©e.The author presents thoughts on three generations of textbooks for learning French, the language of education and administration in Senegal, from two points of view: historical and didactic. The historical approach looks at the colonial period right through to today. From a didactic perspective, the author particularly examines the interest paid by manual designers to formal aspects of the literary texts selected for studying French, as well as the political or ideological reasons associated with curricula and reforms of teaching the language through literature, at primary school and lycĂ©e (upper secondary school).El autor propone una reflexiĂłn en torno a tres generaciones de manuales de aprendizaje del francĂ©s âla lengua de la enseñanza y de la administraciĂłn en Senegalâ a travĂ©s de dos ejes, el histĂłrico y el didĂĄctico. La aproximaciĂłn histĂłrica aborda el tema del perĂodo colonial hasta nuestros dĂas. En el plano didĂĄctico, el autor examina en particular el interĂ©s dedicado por los creadores de manuales a los aspectos formales de los textos literarios seleccionados para el estudio de la lengua, asĂ como a los motivos polĂticos o ideolĂłgicos vinculados con los programas y las reformas de la enseñanza del idioma a travĂ©s de la literatura, en la escuela primaria y secundaria
La Fraternité réveillée
La Fraternité réveillée est un ouvrage collectif composé de treize textes dus à  : Sophie Wahnich, Robert Damien, Georges Navet, Pierre Crétois, Laurence Cornu, Jordi Riba, Patrice Vermeren, Angel Puyol, Laura Llevadot, GeneviÚve Fraisse, BérengÚre Kolly et Marc Thomassin. Il comprend des contributions nouvelles et des commentaires notamment sur les thÚses de Saint-Just, J.-P. Sartre, Pierre Leroux, Miguel Abensour, Derrida. Quatre entrées pour une lecture transversale de cet ouvrage Si le con..
Les accords de partenariats Ă©conomiques, Ă lâĂ©preuve des relations entre lâAfrique et lâUnion europĂ©enne
Constituant un vĂ©ritable tournant dans les relations entre lâAfrique et lâEurope, la dĂ©cision de lâUE de privilĂ©gier le multilatĂ©ralisme dans ses rapports avec le continent africain met Ă nu les Ă©conomies africaines. Les pourparlers sur la libĂ©ralisation des produits et sur la suppression des barriĂšres tarifaires font partie du dispositif du futur accord de partenariat Ă©conomique. Suscitant remous et controverses, les discussions sont ardues et complexes. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces Ă©cueils, lâAfrique et lâEurope progressent dans la dĂ©finition dâun nouvel instrument commercial.Kane Elimane Mamadou. Les accords de partenariats Ă©conomiques, Ă lâĂ©preuve des relations entre lâAfrique et lâUnion europĂ©enne. In: Recherches Internationales, n°85, 2009. LâAfrique et le Monde. pp. 67-87
A Comparative Study of Approximate Joint Diagonalization Algorithms for Blind Source Separation in Presence of Additive Noise
International audienceA comparative study of approximate joint diagonalization algorithms of a set of matrices is presented. Using a weighted least-squares criterion, without the orthogonality constraint, an algorithm is compared with an analogous one for blind source separation (BSS). The criterion of the present algorithm is on the separating matrix while the other is on the mixing matrix. The convergence of the algorithm is proved under some mild assumptions. The performances of the two algorithms are compared with usual standard algorithms using BSS simulations results. We show that the improvement in estimating the separating matrix, resulting from the relaxation of the orthogonality restriction, can be achieved in presence of additive noise when the length of observed sequences is sufficiently large and when the mixing matrix is not close to an orthogonal matri
Accords de pĂȘche UE-ACPÂ : le rĂŽle de la compensation financiĂšre et des coalitions dans le partage de la rente halieutique
International audienc
A comparative economic analysis of industrial fisheries targeting small pelagic fish in Mauritanian waters: Free license versus charter regime
International audienceAbstract Industrial fisheries targeting small pelagic fish have significant socioâeconomic implications for North West African countries. This study examines the economic performance of fleets operating in Mauritania's exclusive economic zone under the free license and chartering systems. Using national production data from 1989 to 2010 and economic indicator ratios from European pelagic fishing vessels, we assess the economic performance of pelagic fisheries over one decade. Our findings show that vessel characteristics have rapidly evolved, with freeâlicenced vessels having a higher average fishing capacity than chartered vessels. The nominal number of free licenses increased from under 8% in 1995; the year of free licencing began in Mauritania, to over 80% in 2010. The estimated average economic output for 2000â2010 was US 187 million). Vessels operating under free licenses made a greater contribution to wealth creation than the chartering regime. Foreign ship owners generated US 3.6 million (8%). However, the chartering regime was more fiscally advantageous, contributing over 68% of pelagic fisheries tax revenues (estimated at over US$ 29 million). The small pelagic fishery has been subject to a system of total allowable catches and fishing quotas since 2015. This study provides insights into the economic dynamics of the small pelagic fishery, informing decisionâmaking and potential strategies to enhance the sector's performance and overall economic impact
Accords de pĂȘche UE-ACPÂ : le rĂŽle de la compensation financiĂšre et des coalitions dans le partage de la rente halieutique
Since the late 1970s, the fishing agreements between the EU fleets and ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific) countries include a monetary compensation for the fishing access rights. Unfortunately, these agreements are far from being profitable for the less developed countries (LDCs) because of a too large dependence regarding EU funds. A classical game theory approach (fishwar model ; Levhari-Mirman 1980) is revisited to take into consideration the macroeconomic dependence of ACP countries and analyse the role of coalitions and negotiation procedures in the rent-sharing process. In a 3-player game (two LDCs and the EU), the impact of a LDC coalition is analysed in terms of welfare gain/loss outcomes and re-allocation of catches between countries. A « small-step » negotiation procedure is first used to solve the cases of failure, before, in case of a new failure, using a multi-country mediation out of the coalition. One of the main results lies in the low incentives for LDCs to join the coalition in spite of the bilateral or multilateral mediations, as long as the LDCs do not have the same interest to harvest their own resources.