Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on clinical response and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis: Controlled clinical trial

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults in the world population. Once periodontal disease is established, the chronic nature of this infection may contribute to worsening of diabetic status leading to more severe diabetes-related complications. It has been proposed that the relation of periodontitis and diabetes is bidirectional. Objectives: The objective was to compare the clinical response and glycemic control in type 2 DM patients with periodontitis, before and after the nonsurgical periodontal treatment with controls. Materials and Methods: A total 70 type 2 DM patients with chronic generalized moderate periodontitis was divided into 2 groups. Treatment group (35) received one stage full mouth scaling and root planning plus oral hygiene instructions; the control group (35) received only oral hygiene instructions. At baseline, 1 st month and 3 rd month, the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], pocket depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [CAL], gingival recession [GR], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) and glycemic parameters (fasting blood sugar [FBS], and postprandial blood sugar [PPBS]) were recorded, whereas the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was recorded only at baseline and 3rd month. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: When comparing the mean scores of clinical parameters for both the groups, there was a significant difference in all clinical parameters, that is, mean PI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL scores except mean GR, whereas for the glycemic parameters, there was a significant difference in mean FBS; PPBS values and no significant difference in mean percentage of HbA1c for treatment group at 3 rd month follow-up. Conclusion: Findings of the present study showed that nonsurgical periodontal treatment resulted in lower glycemic levels and the reduction of clinical parameters of periodontal infection, confirming the existing relation between type 2 DM and periodontal disease

A simple and convenient protocol for the synthesis of seven- and eight-membered phosphorus heterocycles

<p>A simple procedure for the synthesis of eight-membered 6-(2-chloroethyl)/bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino-12-oxo-dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin 6-oxides (<b>3a–b</b>) and seven-membered 6-(2-chloroethyl)/bis-(2-chloroethyl)aminodibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin 6-oxides (<b>5a–b</b>) from cyclocondensation of equimolar ratios of 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone (<b>1</b>) and 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenol (<b>4</b>), respectively with 2-chloroethylphosphonicdichloride (<b>2a</b>) and bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride (<b>2b</b>) in dry toluene in the presence of triethylamine at 45–50 °C is described. All synthesized compounds possessed significant growth inhibition for their antibacteria against ‘Bacillus subtilis’ and ‘Klebsiella pneumonia’ and antifungi activity on “Curvularia lunata” and “Aspergillus niger.”</p

Assessment of Misconceptions about Oral Health Care and Their Source of Information among Out-Patients Attending Dental College in Bangalore -A Cross Sectional Survey

Background: Myths/misconceptions/false beliefs are the ideas/thoughts which are inculcated into human life during the course of lifetime. They are considered as an integral part of all the existing systems including healthcare. Aim: To assess the prevalence of misconceptions regarding oral health care and their source of information among out patients attending one of the dental colleges in Bangalore city. Materials and Method : A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 2021 out patients visiting Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore using a self administered questionnaire. Data was collected and supervised by the investigator. Analysis was done using Chi square test and significance level was fixed at p< 0.05. Results: Out of2021 participants, 942 (46.6%) had poor level of knowledge; 431(21.3%) of them were found with average level of knowledge; 380(18.8%) of them had good level of knowledge, and 268(13.2%) of them had excellent level ofk:nowledge regarding oral health. Conclusions: Majority of the study population had considerable beliefs in myths and false perceptions regarding oral health issues. Most of them belonged to 36-45yrs age group, females, illiterates and unemployed

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Targeted Near-IR Dye for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Neuroendocrine Cancers

The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is implicated in the growth and metastasis of many tumors, including cancers of the brain (e.g., gliomas, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas), skin (e.g., melanomas), and neuroendocrine tissues (cancers of the breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and colon). Because overexpression of NK1R has been reported in most of these malignancies, we have undertaken designing an NK1R-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for fluorescence-guided surgeries of these cancers. We demonstrate here that an NK1R-binding ligand linked to the NIR dye LS288 selectively accumulates in NK1R-expressing tumor xenografts with high affinity (<i>K</i>_d = 13 nM), allowing intraoperative imaging of these cancers in live mice. Because tumor accumulation is nearly quantitatively blocked by excess unlabeled ligand, and because NK1R-negative tumors and normal tissues display virtually no uptake, we conclude that the observed tumor retention is NK1R-mediated. Results on the synthesis, in vitro characterization, and animal testing of NK1R-targeted NIR dye are presented

A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Potent Cephalostatin/Ritterazine Hybrid -25-<i>epi</i> Ritterostatin G_N1_N

The convergent synthesis of 25-<i>epi</i> ritterostatin G_N1_N is described for the first time, starting from hecogenin acetate (HA). Stereoselective dihydroxylation employing the chiral ligand (DHQ)₂PHAL was used as the key step to introduce the C25 <i>epi</i>-stereocenter on the north 1 segment. The title compound was obtained through a coupling reaction between the C3-keto-azide (cstat North 1) and North G

A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Potent Cephalostatin/Ritterazine Hybrid -25-<i>epi</i> Ritterostatin G_N1_N

The convergent synthesis of 25-<i>epi</i> ritterostatin G_N1_N is described for the first time, starting from hecogenin acetate (HA). Stereoselective dihydroxylation employing the chiral ligand (DHQ)₂PHAL was used as the key step to introduce the C25 <i>epi</i>-stereocenter on the north 1 segment. The title compound was obtained through a coupling reaction between the C3-keto-azide (cstat North 1) and North G

A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Potent Cephalostatin/Ritterazine Hybrid -25-<i>epi</i> Ritterostatin G_N1_N

The convergent synthesis of 25-<i>epi</i> ritterostatin G_N1_N is described for the first time, starting from hecogenin acetate (HA). Stereoselective dihydroxylation employing the chiral ligand (DHQ)₂PHAL was used as the key step to introduce the C25 <i>epi</i>-stereocenter on the north 1 segment. The title compound was obtained through a coupling reaction between the C3-keto-azide (cstat North 1) and North G

A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Potent Cephalostatin/Ritterazine Hybrid -25-<i>epi</i> Ritterostatin G_N1_N

The convergent synthesis of 25-<i>epi</i> ritterostatin G_N1_N is described for the first time, starting from hecogenin acetate (HA). Stereoselective dihydroxylation employing the chiral ligand (DHQ)₂PHAL was used as the key step to introduce the C25 <i>epi</i>-stereocenter on the north 1 segment. The title compound was obtained through a coupling reaction between the C3-keto-azide (cstat North 1) and North G