Induction of expressions of HLA class I and class II antigens by interferon on human renal cell carcinoma or bladder cancer cell lines

Interferon-induced expressions of HLA class I and class II (DR, DP, DQ) antigens on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and bladder cancer cell lines were analyzed by flowcytometry. Class I antigen was present on all six different RCC cell lines and the expression was enhanced with IFN-γ treatment except one cell line, Caki-2. Although no RCC cell lines expressed class II antigens without IFN-γ treatment, the treatment induced the expression of DR antigen in all cell lines except Caki-2. DP antigen was induced on KPK-1 and KPK-13 with exposure to IFN-γ. On the other hand, bladder cancer cell lines studied showed surface expression of class I antigen and enhanced expression of class I antigen with IFN-γ treatment. However, IFN-γ didn't enhance the expression of class II antigens on any of those bladder cancer cell lines. The minimum concentrations of IFN-γ to increase the expression of class I and DR andtigens on both KPK-13 and ACHN were 4 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml, respectively. The incubation time with IFN-γ to get the maximal expression of class I and DR antigens on KPK-13 were 36 hr and 48 hr, respectively. Meanwhile, although the expression of class I antigen on RCC cell lines was enhanced by IFN-α, IFN-α could not give any effect in class II antigens. Our results demonstrate the obvious effect of IFN-γ to enhance the expression of not only HLA class I antigen but also class II antigens on RCC cell lines

最先端手術への教育とクリニカルアナトミーラボ

Recently, endoscopic surgery is the most common procedurein the field of thoracic surgery. The newestthoracic surgeryapproaches are the video-assisted thoracic surgery（VATS）, the one-port video-assisted thoracic surgery, and the robotic surgery. The individual advantages and disadvantages of these procedures have been discussed. VATS covers a field of view of the surgical field from the leg to the head. The basic method in performing VATS is that the surgeon operates on the abdominal area of the patient and the assistant expands the surgical field from the patient’s back. It is currently the standard surgical procedure. The advantage of one-port VATS is the one port itself and its cosmetic advantages and pain reduction. The advantage of robotic surgery is that it has a clear three-dimensional enlarged field of view and can be performed using the delicate moving robotic arm. However, a good surgical training system should be established for the familiarization of these procedures. The clinical anatomy laboratory is the most efficient surgical training in addition to dry and wet lab training. Our institution has fresh-frozen cadavers, which are rare in Japan. The participating thoracic surgeons underwent training for VATS lobectomy, subxiphoid extended thymectomy, and pleurectomy decortication. This training is beneficial for educational and clinical purposes. In the future, we must obtain consistent surgical education before and after graduation using fresh-frozen cadavers. At the same time, a good organ model for training is also necessary. The surgeon has to cooperate with anatomy doctors for the development of a good surgical organ model. For the development of future surgical medicine, surgical training programs should be implemented

Ganglioside GM3 Has an Essential Role in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that principally attacks synovial joints, afflicts over 2 million people in the United States. Interleukin (IL)-17 is considered to be a master cytokine in chronic, destructive arthritis. Levels of the ganglioside GM3, one of the most primitive glycosphingolipids containing a sialic acid in the structure, are remarkably decreased in the synovium of patients with RA. Based on the increased cytokine secretions observed in in vitro experiments, GM3 might have an immunologic role. Here, to clarify the association between RA and GM3, we established a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model using the null mutation of the ganglioside GM3 synthase gene. GM3 deficiency exacerbated inflammatory arthritis in the mouse model of RA. In addition, disrupting GM3 induced T cell activation in vivo and promoted overproduction of the cytokines involved in RA. In contrast, the amount of the GM3 synthase gene transcript in the synovium was higher in patients with RA than in those with osteoarthritis. These findings indicate a crucial role for GM3 in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Control of glycosphingolipids such as GM3 might therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for RA

総合臨床実習における実習成績の分析

本学で使用する実習成績評価の信頼性を検証するとともに、実習成績結果から学生の特徴について明確にすることを目的とした. 実習成績評価は中項目、小項目ともにCronbachの α信頼係数は高値を示し、本学で作成した成績表の全ての項目内容は信頼性、内的整合性が保たれていることがわかった. Klaster分析によって実習成績別に良好群、中間群、不良群にわけることができた. 学生の特徴として、良好群は全ての中項目で60点以上の成績であった. 中間群は基本的態度、対人関係、対象者のオリエンテーションなどコミュニケーション能力に関係する中項目では60点以上の成績となっていたが、評価に関係する中項目においては60点を下回る成績であった. 不良群では全ての中項目において60点を下回る成績であった.As well as verify the authenticity of the grading clinical practice used by the University, we have intended to clarify characteristics of student results from grading clinical practice. Cronbach\u27s reliability coefficient α indicates the threshold in both middle items, small items, grading clinical practice, he was found to be maintained reliability, and internal consistency of the contents of all the items of the league table that you created in the university. I can be divided into good group, middle group, the poor control group performance by training by analysis klaster. The characteristics of the students, was a good group performance of more than 60 items of all. Intermediary group in the field, but had become a grade of at least 60 points in that relate to communication skills, such as orientation basic attitudes, interpersonal relations, of the subject, in the field he was a grade below 60 points in the related to the evaluation. Bad group it was 60 points lower than the results of all the items

Suitability Assessment of Two Landfill Clay Liners

本研究では2種類のベントナイト混合土を対象に各種室内試験を実施し, 廃棄物処分場遮水工材料への適用性を遮水性能および構造安定性の面から評価を行った。ベントナイト混合土の遮水性能については柔壁型透水試験装置によって計測した透水係数により評価した。一方, 水分移動実験およびせん断試験を実施し, ベントナイト混合土の水分保持特性がせん断強度に与える影響を検討した。さらに, これらの結果に基づいて, 二次元斜面安定解析を実施し, ベントナイト混合土を用いた底部ライナーのせん断破壊の可能性と影響要因を検討し, ベントナイト混合土の廃棄物処分場遮水工への適用性を構造安定性の側面から議論した。In this study, falling head permeability, Water retentivity, water migration, direct shear and consolidated undrained triaxil compression tests were performed on two landfill clay liner specimens (clay-bentonite and sand-bentonite) to evaluate the permeability, water migration and shear strength properties. The slope stability of a typical canyon solid waste landfill relating to the two clay liners under various conditions was analyzed with the shear strength parameters obtained from the above tests. The suitability of clay-bentonite and sand-bentonite mixtures as landfill bottom liners was assessed from the viewpoint of laboratory permeability tests and the landfill stability.本研究では2種類のベントナイト混合土を対象に各種室内試験を実施し,廃棄物処分場遮水工材料への適用性を遮水性能および構造安定性の面から評価を行った。ベントナイト混合土の遮水性能については柔壁型透水試験装置によって計測した透水係数により評価した。一方,水分移動実験およびせん断試験を実施し,ベントナイト混合土の水分保持特性がせん断強度に与える影響を検討した。さらに,これらの結果に基づいて,二次元斜面安定解析を実施し,ベントナイト混合土を用いた底部ライナーのせん断破壊の可能性と影響要因を検討し,ベントナイト混合土の廃棄物処分場遮水工への適用性を構造安定性の側面から議論した。In this study, falling head permeability, Water retentivity, water migration, direct shear and consolidated undrained triaxil compression tests were performed on two landfill clay liner specimens (clay-bentonite and sand-bentonite) to evaluate the permeability, water migration and shear strength properties. The slope stability of a typical canyon solid waste landfill relating to the two clay liners under various conditions was analyzed with the shear strength parameters obtained from the above tests. The suitability of clay-bentonite and sand-bentonite mixtures as landfill bottom liners was assessed from the viewpoint of laboratory permeability tests and the landfill stability

Interleukin-17A Deficiency Accelerates Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Objective: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), an inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in atherosclerosis, in which inflammatory cells within atherosclerotic plaques express IL-17A. However, its role in the development of atheroscelrosis remains to be controversial. Methods and Results: To directly examine the role of IL-17A in atherosclerosis, we generated apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/IL-17A double-deficient (ApoE^[-/-]IL-17A^[-/-]) mice. Mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for either 8 or 16 weeks, both starting at ages of 6-8 weeks. We found that splenic CD4+ T cells produced high amounts of IL-17A in ApoE^[-/-] mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis was significantly accelerated in HFD-fed ApoE^[-/-]IL-17A^[-/-] mice compared with ApoE^[-/-] mice. Splenic CD4+ T-cells of ApoE^[-/-]IL-17A^[-/-] mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks, but not for 16 weeks, exhibited increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-5 production. Importantly, formation of vulnerable plaque as evidenced by reduced numbers of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced type I collagen deposition in the plaque was detected in ApoE^[-/-]IL-17A^[-/-] mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks. Conclusions: These results suggest that IL-17A regulates the early phase of atherosclerosis development after HFD feeding and plaque stability, at least partly if not all by modulating IFN-γ and IL-5 production from CD4+ T-cells