Extraction of biological apatite from cow bone at different calcination temperatures: a comparative study

The purpose of this study is to extract natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) from cow bone. The hydrothermal method followed by calcination treatment at different temperatures is used in this current research. Cow bone has the potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a chief component present in bone and teeth of vertebrates. HAP is an excellent material used in bone restoration and tissue regeneration. Characterizations of the cow bone natural HAP powder were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data revealed that biological apatite is thermally stable at 1100ºC. XRD data showed that the extracted HAP is, highly crystalline and hexagonal crystal structure having a crystallite size in the range of 10-83 nm. The extracted HAP material is found to be thermally stable up to 1300ºC

FTIR and XRD evaluation of magnesium doped hydroxyapatitesodium alginate powder by precipitation method

Composites material were developed to acquire the desired material properties for biomedical applications in the recovery of defect bone by using Mg-doped HA/SA. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major constituent and essential component in bone and teeth. The stability of Mg-doped HA/SA is influenced by starting precursor powders, preparation condition and method of preparing the samples for implant materials. The precipitation method was employed to prepare Mg-doped HA/SA powders by varying the composition of Mg at temperature 1300°C. The influence of Mg-doped HA/SA on phase composition, chemical structure and a functional group at various weight percentages (0.5wt%-1.5wt %) were accomplished through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Based on the XRD and FTIR analyses, there is the presence of different peaks intensity and adsorption bands which indicates the shifted of peaks due to the doping process and a chemical interaction were observed between the inorganic and organic phase. Furthermore, the transformation of β-TCP due to increase in sintering temperatures are caused by the presence of magnesium ions. The OHstretching bands of HA/SA are traced by FTIR that identified the decomposition of Mg-doped HA/SA

Effect of Sintering on Hydroxyapatite/Sodium Alginate Properties

In the present work, a precipitation method was used to prepare a nanocomposite powders consisting of hydroxyapatite and sodium alginate by varying the composition of sodium alginate. The characterization of powder are analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM is used to identify the morphology and agglomeration of powder while, XRD analysis is used to identify the phase of samples with an increase in the composition of sodium alginate up to 10%. Green samples were prepared and sintered at temperature 1000ËšC and 1100ËšC and the sintered samples are studied based on their phase stability, density and Vickers hardness .The result indicates that there is no secondary phase change happen in this XRD result. The density of HA/SA are increasing relative to hardness for composition ratio 99.5/0.5%. The maximum density were attained by 99.5/0.5% (HA/SA) at 2.12g/cm3 and 2.16g/cm3 for 1000ËšC and 1100ËšC respectively while, the maximum hardness were also attained by 99.5/0.5% for temperature 1000°C and 1100°C at 0.53GPa and 0.62GPa respectively. FESEM images of pure hydroxyapatite are fully disbursed in sodium alginate and the particles size are in agglomerate conditions.Â

Powder Characterization of Calcium Phosphate/Collagen for Bone Implant Application

Calcium phosphate (CaP) is a type of bioceramic material that is biocompatible and bioactive. It is usually used for bone implant application but it lacks mechanical strength. Therefore, sodium alginate (SA), a natural polymer, is combined with CaP to improve its properties of the CaP via precipitation method. The powder formed is then characterized by using FESEM, EDX, FTIR and DTA. Based on the FESEM result, it was confirmed that the SA particles were well embedded and homogeneously dispersed throughout the CaP matrix whereas the EDX result showed that the CaP and SA are pure and were not contaminated with other materials or substances.The FTIR result showed that the intensity of some peaks (3100-3600 cm-1 and 1585-1625cm-1) increased due to the addition of SA but for some peaks the addition of SA leads to a decrease in intensity (1650-1300cm-1 and 1190-976cm-1).This proves that the addition of SA in CaP influenced the intensity peaks and it was confirmed that chemical bonds were formed between these two substances. Meanwhile, the DTA result showed that CaP dehydroxylation occurred in the range of 650-13000C and the thermal degradation of SA happened at 245.80C but the SA thermal degradation temperature improved when it was added to the CaP matrix

The Effects of Sintering Temperature on Densification and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Sodium Alginate Biocomposites

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been studied for their excellent performances which are suitable for use in bone defects or regeneration of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has poor mechanical properties which make it limited used in a load bearing area. In this case, sodium alginate (SA) was used to be mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) by using precipitation method to increase the mechanical and physical properties. The mixing of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate effectively increases the densification and hardness of hydroxyapatite. It could contribute to the development of the artificial implants of hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone implants applications in load bearing area. The behaviors during densification were studied together with the mechanical properties of samples. The influence of mixed powder and the sintering temperature on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) composite were studied. The maximum density were attained by 99.5/0.5% (HA/SA) at 1.47g/cm3 and 1.82g/cm3 for both temperature 1000°C and 1100°C respectively while, the maximum values of hardness were also attained by 99.5/0.5% for temperature 1000°C and 1100°C at 0.053GPa and 0.266GPa respectively

The Effects of Sintering Temperature on Densification and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Sodium Alginate Biocomposites

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been studied for their excellent performances which are suitable for use in bone defects or regeneration of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has poor mechanical properties which make it limited used in a load bearing area. In this case, sodium alginate (SA) was used to be mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) by using precipitation method to increase the mechanical and physical properties. The mixing of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate effectively increases the densification and hardness of hydroxyapatite. It could contribute to the development of the artificial implants of hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone implants applications in load bearing area. The behaviors during densification were studied together with the mechanical properties of samples. The influence of mixed powder and the sintering temperature on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) composite were studied. The maximum density were attained by 99.5/0.5% (HA/SA) at 1.47g/cm3 and 1.82g/cm3 for both temperature 1000°C and 1100°C respectively while, the maximum values of hardness were also attained by 99.5/0.5% for temperature 1000°C and 1100°C at 0.053GPa and 0.266GPa respectively

Synthesis and characterization of magnesium doped calcium phosphatefor bone implant application

Calcium phosphate (CaP) has been extensively studied for its excellent performance in promoting bone tissues ingrowth or osseointegration as in bone graft substitute and biomimetic coating of prosthetic implants. However poor mechanical properties of CaP has made its limited in a load bearing application and it has become an interests in research investigation for biomedical applications challenging. Here we employ an optimized mechanochemical method to synthesis calcium phosphate and Magnesium-doped Calcium Phosphate (Mg-CaP) in various weight percentages. The change of adsorption band in FTIR indicates that the Mg has been substituted into CaP. Doping by MgOH is found to effectively increase the densification and hardness of CaP when sintered at 1200 oC. Mg doping could be contributes to the improvement in artificial implant of calcium phosphate (CaP) for bone implant application in load bearing area