HAPPY PEOPLE BECOME HAPPIER THROUGH KINDNESS: A COUNTING KINDNESSES INTERVENTION

ABSTRACT. We examined the relationship between the character strength of kindness and subjective happiness (Study 1), and the effects of a counting kindnesses intervention on subjective happiness (Study 2). In Study 1, participants were 175 Japanese undergraduate students and in Study 2, participants were 119 Japanese women (71 in the intervention group and 48 in the control group). Results showed that: (a) Happy people scored higher on their motivation to perform, and their recognition and enactment of kind behaviors. (b) Happy people have more happy memories in daily life in terms of both quantity and quality. (c) Subjective happiness was increased simply by counting one’s own acts of kindness for one week. (d) Happy people became more kind and grateful through the counting kindnesses intervention. Discussion centers on the importance of kindness in producing subjective happiness

Effective Introduction and Implementation of School-wide Positive Behavior Support through Professional Developlment

本研究課題では，日本における学校規模ポジティブ行動支援（SWPBS）の導入にあたり，効果的な実践のために必要な個々の教員の専門性を明らかにすること，またその専門性を高めるための研修プロトコルを開発することを目的としていた。中心的に取り組んだことは，個々の教員がPBSに沿った実践をどの程度実施できているかを自己評価するためのチェックリストの開発であり，PBSの実践として必要とされる５領域のスキルとして「学校で期待される姿を教える」「望ましい行動を促す環境を設定する」「望ましい行動を承認する」「問題行動に対応する」「データに基づく意思決定」をチェックリストを用いて測定することができるようになった。The purpose of this research project was to clarify the expertise of individual teachers necessary for effective implementation of school-wide positive behavior support in Japan, and to develop a training protocol to enhance that expertise. The main focus of the project was the development of a checklist for self-assessment of the extent to which individual teachers are able to implement practices aligned with the PBS, and the five areas of skills required to implement the PBS: "teaching expectations," "setting up an environment to promote appropriate behavior," "acknowledgment to appropriate behavior," "response to problem behaviors," and "data-based decision making."研究分野：応用行動分析