〔総説〕国際的な枠組みの動向と，持続可能な開発目標（SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals）の紹介：栄養に関する内容を軸に

　　In the wake of rapid social and environmental change, paradigm shifts have been emerging worldwide in a variety of areas including health and nutrition. This review article first provides a historical insight into the trend toward a global framework of what constitutes better health and nutrition. The framework examined begins with the WHO constitution, which redefined “health” just after the World War II, and continues through the Sustainable Development Goals proposed in 2015 which are projected to be fulfilled by 2030.　　Then, the authors explain the context and identify the goals the Sustainable Development Goals aim to achieve. The concept of “Human Security” is also examined.　　Finally, the authors present the specific goals and targets related to nutrition using practical examples and suggest future career option for registered nutritionists

Patterns that induce advice in remote cooking support via first person vision communication

Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), 2015 IEEE International Conference, June 29 2015 - July 3 2015, Turin.In this study, we introduce a novel scheme for distance learning that aims to teach people how to cook, thereby reaching people who are unable to join online cooking classes, supporting rehabilitation and care for single-living elderly people, and handing down dietary knowledge and culture. Our scheme utilizes a framework of working support through first person vision (FPV) communication, in which a worker with a head-mounted camera works under the guidance of an experienced mentor monitoring the FPV from a distance. To make this scheme fully effective, we investigated the communication that takes place in this environment, i.e., how typical response patterns and absence pauses induce advice. Through experiments, temporal characteristics of such features are found to be tightly related to the occurrences of advice

〔Review Article〕An Overview of Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What Japan is Doing in the Context of Aging, Urbanization, and Globalization

　　Rapid and drastic paradigm shifts are changing Japanese society in visible and invisible ways. In particular, demographic changes and urbanization will have a great impact along with accelerating globalization. In 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 17 Goals were addressed. 　　The present article focuses on Goal 2, which aims at ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The tasks of Japan toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are summarized after reviewing global trends with respect to nutrition and the SDGs

〔資 料〕 新型コロナウイルス感染症がもたらした影響 ジェンダー平等と栄養改善の観点から

　　The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of societies all over the world. In Japan, gender inequality has been an issue for a long time but there has been no significant improvement in the situation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the suicide rate among women has increased. In the field of social epidemiology, gender is one of the non-medical factors that is a social determinant of health （SDH）. In this article, we review articles regarding the impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the context of SDH. Greater gender equality and better nutritional status are important to achieve SDGs

Umbilical Cord Blood as an Alternative Source of Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated T or Natural Killer Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases

AbstractChronic Epstein-Barr virus–associated T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases represented by chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection are lethal but are curable with several courses of chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recently, we reported that reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) provided better outcomes than myeloablative conditioning because RIC was less toxic. However, it was unclear whether cord blood transplantation (CBT) works in the context of RIC. We retrospectively analyzed 17 patients who underwent RIC followed by bone marrow transplantation (RIC-BMT) and 15 patients who underwent RIC followed by CBT (RIC-CBT). The representative regimen was fludarabine and melphalan based. The overall survival rates with RIC-BMT and RIC-CBT were 92.9% ± 6.9% and 93.3% ± 6.4%, respectively (P = .87). One patient died of lung graft-versus-host disease after RIC-BMT, and 1 patient died of multiple viral infections after RIC-CBT. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy was also immunosuppressive and might contribute to better donor cell engraftment after RIC-HSCT, the rate of engraftment failure after RIC-CBT was still higher than that after RIC-BMT (not significant); however, patients who had experienced graft failure were successfully rescued with a second HSCT. Unrelated cord blood can be an alternative source for RIC-HSCT if a patient has no family donor

Hyper-expansion of large DNA segments in the genome of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Higher crustaceans (class Malacostraca) represent the most species-rich and morphologically diverse group of non-insect arthropods and many of its members are commercially important. Although the crustacean DNA sequence information is growing exponentially, little is known about the genome organization of Malacostraca. Here, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and performed BAC-end sequencing to provide genomic information for kuruma shrimp (<it>Marsupenaeus japonicus</it>), one of the most widely cultured species among crustaceans, and found the presence of a redundant sequence in the BAC library. We examined the BAC clone that includes the redundant sequence to further analyze its length, copy number and location in the kuruma shrimp genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mj024A04 BAC clone, which includes one redundant sequence, contained 27 putative genes and seemed to display a normal genomic DNA structure. Notably, of the putative genes, 3 genes encode homologous proteins to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein and 7 genes encode homologous proteins to white spot syndrome virus, a virulent pathogen known to affect crustaceans. Colony hybridization and PCR analysis of 381 BAC clones showed that almost half of the BAC clones maintain DNA segments whose sequences are homologous to the representative BAC clone Mj024A04. The Mj024A04 partial sequence was detected multiple times in the kuruma shrimp nuclear genome with a calculated copy number of at least 100. Microsatellites based BAC genotyping clearly showed that Mj024A04 homologous sequences were cloned from at least 48 different chromosomal loci. The absence of micro-syntenic relationships with the available genomic sequences of <it>Daphnia </it>and <it>Drosophila </it>suggests the uniqueness of these fragments in kuruma shrimp from current arthropod genome sequences.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that hyper-expansion of large DNA segments took place in the kuruma shrimp genome. Although we analyzed only a part of the duplicated DNA segments, our result suggested that it is difficult to analyze the shrimp genome following normal analytical methodology. Hence, it is necessary to avoid repetitive sequence (such as segmental duplications) when studying the other unique structures in the shrimp genome.</p

〔資 料〕 プラネタリー・バウンダリーと持続可能な食システム

Planetary Boundary and Sustainable Food Systems in the Context of Planetary HealthKanako MASUNO, Mayu YOKOTA and Tetsuo KONDOFood production is essential for the development and health of human beings but at the same time it is the largest source of environmental degradation. In this article, we describe how to optimally balance the increasing need for food driven by the world’s expanding population and sustaining the health of the environment in line with global Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs）. In the last section, we briefly introduce innovative actions relating to novel and sustainable food production in Japan

死別体験における悲嘆の回復過程に関する要因の分析

スマトラ沖大地震・インド洋津波によって，突然肉親と死別体験をもった２遺族に面接調査を行った．死別による悲嘆から回復する過程に，どのような要因が関連しているのかについて分析した．その結果，この地域が敬虔な仏教徒であったことから，対象となった２遺族は，信仰が悲しみを緩和する要因として働いていた．さらに近隣の人びとの精神的な支援や，新たな生命の誕生は将来への希望につながり，悲嘆から回復する要因の一つとなっていることが明らかとなった．Two families that experienced the sudden death of relatives in the Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami were interviewed, and the kinds of factors in the process of healing that sadness were analysed. As a result, it was discovered that, given the devoutly Buddhist nature of the area, the two families’ faith worked to relieve their sadness. There was also psychological support from neighbours and hope for the future embodied in the birth of children, which were also factors in healing their sadness

ハイヨウセイ キン イシュク オ フセグ コウユビキチンカ ペプチド Cblin Cbl-b inhibitor ノ コウキノウカ

Skeletal muscle atrophy caused by unloading is characterized by both decreased responsiveness to myogenic growth factors and increased proteolysis. In our previous studies, it has been shown that ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b interacted and degraded the IGF-1 signaling intermediate IRS-1. We also reported that a peptide mimetic of tyrosin608-phosphorylated IRS-1 （DGpYMP）, named Cblin, Cbl-b inhibitor. However, Cblin may tend to be degraded by aminopeptidase in vivo. We aimed to confirm whether Cblin inhibiter muscle atrophy caused by glucocorticoids in mouse C2C12 myotubes, and effects of the modified Cblin N-terminus to prevent it from degradation. Pretreatment with Cblin significantly prevented the decrease in diameters of C2C12 myotubes treated with dexamethasone, and IRS-1 degradation, expression of atrogenes mRNA was repressed, and phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR was also protected. Moreover, the 50％ inhibitory concentration of N -myristoylated Cblin and Cblin for Cbl-b-mediated IRS-1 ubiquitination was 35μM and 120μM, respectively. In addition, N -myristoylated Cblin significantly inhibited the dexamethasone-induced reduction of myotube diameter. Taken together, these results suggest that Cblin Cblin prevented the dexamethasone induced myotube atrophy, and N -myristoyled Cblin is more effective than nonmodified Cblin in prevention of muscle atrophy

アンバランゴタ地区の被災現状

昨年１２月２６日に，インドネシアのスマトラ島北端沖で発生したスマトラ沖大地震によるインド洋津波被害で，スマトラについで津波による被害が多かったスリランカに，被災６ヵ月後の復興状況，感染症発生状況，被災者の健康調査などを目的に被災地の調査に入った．スリランカ東南部地域の被災状況を報告し，看護職としての援助のあり方や，物資援助について考察した．We visited Sri Lanka, which received the most damage after Sumatra six months after the Sumatra Earthquake struck the northern coast of the Indonesian island last year on December 26 and caused a tsunami in the Indian Ocean. We investigated reconstruction efforts, the spread of infection and the health conditions of survivors in the southeast portion of the island country, made reports on the devastated areas and made observations on health care and aid supplies