INUNDATION OF THE CHIKUMA RIVER DUE TO THE TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN OCTOBER 2019 AND ISSUES OF EFFECTIVENESS IN EVACUATION PLANS OF ELDERLY WELFARE FACILITIES FOR THE LARGEST EXPECTED RAINFALL

In the heavy rain disaster caused by typhoon HAGBIS in 2019, the collapse of the Chikuma River embankment caused widespread inundation damage in Nagano City. We conducted an inundation trace survey, the flood inundation calculation, and interview surveys of 6 elderly welfare facilities which were damaged by inundation. From the results, the relationships between the evacuation behavior of each facility and the inundation process were analyzed. In addition, we considered the issues of evacuation safety planning in the event of the largest expected flood

Motion and Speed of the Frail Elderly During Evacuation Process

健常者よりも運動能力が劣る要介護者が迅速に避難できるように準備することは，要介護者の命を救うだけでなく，介護スタッフの命を守ることにも繋がる。しかし，現状では要介護者の避難行動速度すら十分に調査されておらず，要介護者の避難を検討する上での情報が不足している。そこで，本研究では要介護者の避難訓練の様子を撮影し，歩行速度をはじめとする避難行動速度を詳細に調査した。その結果，すべての行動が健常者よりも遅いが，階段の上りと車からの降車が特に時間を要することがわかった。さらに，得られた行動速度を入力にして，エージェントモデルで避難訓練をシミュレートしたところ，シミュレーションの方が1割程度早く避難が完了する結果となった。しかしながら，この避難完了時間の違いは，介護スタッフの行動の中の「シミュレーションに考慮されていない行動」に掛かる時間を考慮することでほぼ解消した。While agent simulation has been used to investigate evacuation scenarios, evacuation speed of frail elderly has not been fully studied yet. Therefore, in order to obtain the evacuation speed of the frail elderly we recorded videos of evacuation drills held in a group home with care. We analyzed evacuation steps in detail through the videos and acquired the evacuation speed of the frail elderly. We also simulated the evacuation drills with an agent model using the observed data. In the simulation result, the evacuation completion time was about 10% faster than the measured time of the evacuation drills. The difference in evacuation completion time can be explained considering the time taken for “unplanned behavior” of caregivers such as stopping to think about the next action

INUNDATION INSIDE A LEVEE OF THE YUURA RIVER DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN IN JULY 2020 AND EVACUATION BEHAVIOR AT NURSING FACILITIES IN ASHIKITA TOWN

湯浦川の近くに立地する高齢者施設を対象に，被害状況や避難行動等についてインタビュー調査を行った．また，湯浦川の河口付近の氾濫進展状況を数値解析し，施設周辺の浸水過程を再現した．施設職員の証言内容と浸水過程，発表された防災情報を照合することで避難行動の特徴を検証した．職員が少ない夜間の災害対応において，多数の高齢者を少ない職員で避難誘導するには限界があるため，夜間を想定した避難計画や訓練が重要であることを確認した．さらに，感潮域に位置する高齢者施設においては，避難情報や防災気象情報に加え潮位情報を活用することで夜間帯の行動を回避できる可能性が示唆された

Survey on Evacuation Behavior at Nursing Facilities in Ashikita Town due to Heavy Rain in July 2020

The nursing facility C located near the Sashiki River was flooded due to Heavy Rain in July 2020. The survey method was an interview survey on the damage situation and evacuation behavior. In addition, a flood inundation analysis was conducted. Judging from both the execution and the process of flooding, facility C missed the timing of the evacuation action. The main reasons were that the event was beyond one’s expectation, information was not helpful, lack of manpower, flooded water rose fast. The lessons of this experience are action plan using information, nighttime emergency system, evacuation drills with multiple patterns. For the safety of elderly people, both an evacuation security plan and a business continuity plan (BCP) are needed. On the other hand, there are administrative issues related to wide-area evacuation. Deregulation of the long-term care insurance system and simplification of administrative procedures are desirable.令和2年7月豪雨により佐敷川の近くに立地する高齢者施設Cは浸水被害を受けた。高齢者施設Cを対象に，被害状況や避難行動に関するインタビュー調査と氾濫解析を実施した。避難行動と浸水の過程からみて，より安全な避難のタイミングを逃していた。主な理由として，想定外の出来事であったこと，情報が活用されなかったこと，マンパワーが足りなかったこと，浸水の速度が速かったことなどが考えられる。この教訓として，情報を活用した行動計画，夜間の緊急参集体制，複数のパターンによる避難訓練，などが挙げられる。また，高齢者の安全な生活のためには避難確保計画と事業継続計画（BCP）の両方が求められる。一方，広域避難に関する行政上の課題も明らかになった。この課題を解決するためには，自治体や福祉団体による計画策定支援が必要で，介護保険制度の規制緩和，行政手続きの簡略化が望まれる

The Japanese Society of Pathology Guidelines on the handling of pathological tissue samples for genomic research: Standard operating procedures based on empirical analyses

Genome research using appropriately collected pathological tissue samples is expected to yield breakthroughs in the development of biomarkers and identification of therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancers. In this connection, the Japanese Society of Pathology (JSP) has developed “The JSP Guidelines on the Handling of Pathological Tissue Samples for Genomic Research” based on an abundance of data from empirical analyses of tissue samples collected and stored under various conditions. Tissue samples should be collected from appropriate sites within surgically resected specimens, without disturbing the features on which pathological diagnosis is based, while avoiding bleeding or necrotic foci. They should be collected as soon as possible after resection: at the latest within about 3 h of storage at 4°C. Preferably, snap‐frozen samples should be stored in liquid nitrogen (about −180°C) until use. When intending to use genomic DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue, 10% neutral buffered formalin should be used. Insufficient fixation and overfixation must both be avoided. We hope that pathologists, clinicians, clinical laboratory technicians and biobank operators will come to master the handling of pathological tissue samples based on the standard operating procedures in these Guidelines to yield results that will assist in the realization of genomic medicine