Cross-Spectral Analysis For Spatial Point-Lattice Processes

In this study, we explore the relationship between the components of a hybrid process consisting of a spatial point process arid a lattice process using two-dimensional spectral techniques. Simulated spatial point-lattice patterns are used to demonstrate how the different cross-spectral statistics can reveal correlation between the two components. A method to adjust for jumps that normally occur in the cross-spectral phase statistic is then proposed. Such adjustment is needed to enable us to calculate the slope of the phase spectrum which measures the shift between the two components. Several methods to calculate the slope are investigated. Asymptotic properties of the cross-spectral statistics are derived and their confidence intervals estimated. A test that the components are independent is described. In a study region, lattice processes are observed at regular grids whereas point, processes can be observed anywhere. In order to account for discrepancies that. might arise due to this, methods to discretise the point pattern are suggested. Cross-spectral techniques are then applied to analyse the joint process of the discretised point pattern and the lattice pattern. Finally, we apply the techniques suggested above to study the joint properties of two data sets. The first consists of altitude data of a region in a rain forest in French Guyana together with the locations of a number of tree species in that region. The second set consists of altitude data of the Sahel region of Africa together with location of storms and some of their characteristics. In order to incorporate the storm characteristics in the analysis, cross-spectral tools used to analyse two components are extended to three components

Comparison of cephalometric craniofacial features and facial photographic features for two generations of patients

Objective: To estimate the correlation and variant heritability values of craniofacial variables between parents and their offspring. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 20 Indian families; each family consisted of father, mother, son, and daughter. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and facial photographs were taken for each family member.Fifty -three angular, linear, and proportional cephalometric variables were measured and photographic analysis was done. Interfamilial correlations and heritability (h2) values were estimated among father-son, father-daughter,mother-son, and mother-daughter pairings. Results: The most similar angular measurements between parents and offspring were as follows:SNA0,SNB0 ,ANB0 ,FMA0, MP-FH0 , LI-NB0, Op-FH0 ,UI-NA0 , OP-SN0, LI-NB0 and The most similar linear measurements were as follows: Co-Pt.A,Co-Gn, N- ANS, , UI-A, Me-Me’,LI-A.Pog, Mx 1 exposure. Both the correlation coefficients and the heritable values were stronger in the father-offspring than the mother-offspring pairings. Conclusions: The overall correlation and h2 mean values for the three types of measurements showed stronger values in the father-offspring than the mother-offspring groups, with the father –son pairings more significant than the father-daughter groups

Marketing The Non-Profit Organizations,"The Jordan Museum as a case study"

The aim of this paper is to analyse the existing concepts of marketing and the difficulties of applying general marketing techniques in the Jordan Museum and highlighting the strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities that are facing the museum. The paper offers marketing suggestions that may influence and assist the Jordan museum to enhance its marketing structure. The gained information for the research was obtained byusing articles, books, case studies, interviews. This method is used to gain Varity of information, points of views, and attitudes. The questions deducted in the interviews focused on whether if the Museum in question is placed on the well-known tourist trail. Another focus was upon the tools & techniques should be used in marketing. The paper also investigated if there is any marketing plan considered and whether the museums in Jordan has been discussed or even mentioned in any of the international tourism or cultural conference’s Which Jordan is invited to. The result showed that The Jordan Museum lacks any marketing innovation and having no clear marketing plan. The museum can overcome this by reconsidering its priorities enclosing new marketing techniques.  Key Words: Museums, Marketing mix, Nonprofit Organization DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/40-0

Advances for Treating in-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Safety and Effectiveness of a New Automatic External Cardioverter-Defibrillator

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to prospectively analyze the performance and safety of a new programmable, fully automatic external cardioverter-defibrillator (AECD) in a European multicenter trial. BACKGROUND Although, the response time to cardiac arrest (CA) is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity, in-hospital strategies have not significantly changed during the last 30 years. METHODS: Patients (n = 117) at risk of CA in monitored wards (n = 51) and patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation (n = 66) were enrolled. The accuracy of the automatic response of the device to any change of rhythm (lasting >1 s and >4 beats) was confirmed by reviewing the simultaneously recorded Holter data and the programmed parameters. RESULTS: During 1,240 h, 1,988 episodes of rhythm changes were documented. A total of 115 episodes lasted > or =10 s or needed treatment (pacing, n = 32; ICD, n = 51; AECD, n = 35) for termination. The device detected ventricular tachyarrhythmias with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6% (true negatives, n = 1,454; true positives, n = 499; false positives, n = 35; false negatives, n = 0). The false positives were all caused by T-wave oversensing during ventricular pacing. There were no complications or adverse events. The mean response time was 14.4 s for those episodes needing a full charge of the capacitor. CONCLUSIONS: This new AECD is safe and effective in detecting, monitoring, and treating spontaneous arrhythmias. This fully automatic device shortens the response time to treatment, and it is likely that it will significantly improve the outcome of patients with in-hospital CA