ジェンダーの視点を法学教育に生かすための諸課題 : 米国フェミニズム法学教育者インタビュー調査から

本論文は、ジェンダー法学の現状と課題を、その「アカウンタビリティーを問う」という視点で検討する。この研究は、同じく科学研究費補助金基盤研究（Ｃ）（ 2 ）による先行研究である「ジェンダー理論の法学教育への統合的モデル構築にむけた現状と課題の実践的研究」（研究代表者 : 京都女子大学現代社会学部南野佳代）を深化、展開する目的のもので、『現代社会研究』第7号でも触れたように三つの角度からの共同研究を含んでいる。本共同研究は、そのうちの、ジェンダー理論に教育制度や担い手の側から光をあててその現状と課題を問うものであって、米国のジェンダー法学教育者に対して行ったインタビューを素材に、法学教育におけるジェンダーないしフェミニズムの視点導入の意義と課題を論じている。As one of the results of the research project "The Accountability of Feminist Jurisprudence," this article addresses the significance and theme of introducing gender perspectives into law school education, focusing on the interviews done with the professors teaching gender perspectives in law schools in the United States

LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 Expression in Human Lymphatic Endothelium

We have previously reported the TLR4 expression in human intestinal lymphatic vessels. In the study here, microarray analysis showed the expression of the TLR4, MD-2, CD14, MyD88, TIRAP, TRAM, IRAK1, and TRAF6 genes in cultured human neonatal dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (LEC). The microarray analysis also showed that LEC expressed genes of IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, and the real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that mRNA production was increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 production in LEC was suppressed by the introduction of TLR4-specific small interfering RNA, and also by anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and CAPE pretreatment. These findings suggest that LEC has TLR4-mediated LPS recognition mechanisms that involve at least activation of NF-κB, resulting in increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Both the LPS effect on the gene expression and also the suppression by nobiletin and CAPE pretreatment on the protein production were larger in IL-6 and in VCAM-1 than in IL-8 and in ICAM-1 in LEC. The signal transduction of NF-κB and AP-1-dependent pathway may be more critical for the expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 than that of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in LEC. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:97–109, 2008

Collaborative Study to Validate Purity Determination by ¹H Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy by Using Internal Calibration Methodology

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Genomic epidemiology and temperature dependency of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae in Japan.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) has emerged as a global life-threatening pathogen owing to its multidrug resistance and hypervirulence phenotype. Several fatal outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Kp have been reported recently. Hypermucoviscosity (HMV) is a phenotype commonly associated with hypervirulence of Kp, which is usually regulated by rmpA or rmpA2 (regulators of the mucoid phenotype). Here, we found that temperature was important in the HMV phenotype of Kp, and the impact of temperature on HMV was not uniform among strains. We investigated the HMV phenotype at 37 °C and room temperature (20-25 °C) in 170 clinically isolated hypermucoviscous Kp strains in Japan and analysed the association between the HMV phenotype, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. String length distribution at different temperatures was correlated with the genomic population of Kp. The strains carrying rmpA/rmpA2 frequently showed the HMV phenotype at 37 °C, while the strains negative for these genes tended to show the HMV phenotype at room temperature. Hypervirulent Kp clusters carrying rmpA/rmpA2 without extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)/carbapenemases produced higher string lengths at 37 °C than at room temperature, and were mostly isolated from the respiratory tract. Other HMV strains showed distinct characteristics of not carrying rmpA/rmpA2 but were positive for ESBL/carbapenemases, with a higher string length at room temperature than at 37 °C, and were frequently isolated from bloodstream infections. In total, 21 (13.5 %) HMV isolates carried ESBL and carbapenemases, among which five isolates were carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Kp with a pLVPK-like plasmid (an epidemic virulence plasmid) and a pKPI-6-like plasmid (an epidemic bla IMP-6-bearing plasmid in Japan), suggesting the convergence of worldwide hypervirulence and epidemic AMR in Japan