Toolbox study for application of hydrogen peroxide as a versatile, safe and industrially-relevant green oxidant in continuous flow mode

Hydrogen peroxide embodies an ideal oxidant in terms of atom-economy, availability and green metrics. However, its use has been limited because of risks associated with disproportionation and the exothermic potential of oxidizing reaction mixtures. This study aims to showcase the versatility of hydrogen peroxide in a range of oxidations, while ensuring that such processes operate practically and with a defined and minimized risk. To offset the hazards of using peroxides, continuous-flow equipment was utilized to limit the volume of unquenched peroxides and to maintain process control. A methodological approach was established relying on kinetic and calorimetric understanding. Finally, scalability was highlighted in an organocatalysed heterocyclic N-oxidation using a cascade of stirred tank reactors with nitrogen flushing

Toolbox study for application of hydrogen peroxide as a versatile, safe and industrially-relevant green oxidant in continuous flow mode

Hydrogen peroxide embodies an ideal oxidant in terms of atom-economy, availability and green metrics. However, its use has been limited because of risks associated with disproportionation and the exothermic potential of oxidizing reaction mixtures. This study aims to showcase the versatility of hydrogen peroxide in a range of oxidations, while ensuring that such processes operate practically and with a defined and minimized risk. To offset the hazards of using peroxides, continuous-flow equipment was utilized to limit the volume of unquenched peroxides and to maintain process control. A methodological approach was established relying on kinetic and calorimetric understanding. Finally, scalability was highlighted in an organocatalysed heterocyclic N-oxidation using a cascade of stirred tank reactors with nitrogen flushing

Toolbox study for application of hydrogen peroxide as a versatile, safe and industrially-relevant green oxidant in continuous flow mode

Hydrogen peroxide embodies an ideal oxidant in terms of atom-economy, availability and green metrics. However, its use has been limited because of risks associated with disproportionation and the exothermic potential of oxidizing reaction mixtures. This study aims to showcase the versatility of hydrogen peroxide in a range of oxidations, while ensuring that such processes operate practically and with a defined and minimized risk. To offset the hazards of using peroxides, continuous-flow equipment was utilized to limit the volume of unquenched peroxides and to maintain process control. A methodological approach was established relying on kinetic and calorimetric understanding. Finally, scalability was highlighted in an organocatalysed heterocyclic N-oxidation using a cascade of stirred tank reactors with nitrogen flushing

Flow Chemistry Approaches Applied to the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles

Continuous-flow processing approaches are having a significant impact on the way we devise and perform chemical synthesis. Flow chemistry has repeatedly demonstrated numerous improvements with respect to synthesis efficiency, process safety and ease of reaction scale-up. In recent years flow chemistry has been applied with remarkable success to the generation of valuable target structures across a range of industries from basic bulk chemical manufacture and materials development to flavours, food and cosmetic applications. However, due to its earlier implementation, it has found so far many more advocates in areas of medicinal and agrochemical research and manufacture. In this review article, we summarise the key developments that continuous-flow synthesis has had in the area of saturated heterocycles, specifically focusing on approaches that generate these important entities from acyclic precursors