4 research outputs found
Dynamics of the fractional quantum Hall edge probed by stroboscope measurements of trions
By using observations from pump-probe stroboscopic confocal microscopy and
spectroscopy, we demonstrate the dynamics of trions and the fractional quantum
Hall edge on the order of ps. The propagation of the quantum Hall edge
state excited by a voltage pulse is detected as a temporal change in
reflectance in the downstream edge probed by optical pulses synchronized with
the voltage pulse. The temporal resolution of such stroboscopic pump-probe
measurements is as fast as the duration time of the probe pulse ( ps).
This ultra-fast stroboscope measurement enables us to distinguish between the
normal mode of edge excitation, known as the edge magneto-plasmon or charge
density wave, and other high-energy non-linear excitations. This is the only
experimental method available to study the ultra-fast dynamics of quantum Hall
edges, and makes it possible to derive the metric tensor of the
-dimensional curved spacetime in quantum universe and black hole
analogs implemented in the quantum Hall edge
A Comparative Study of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Polymorphs: Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of O2‑, O3‑, and O4-type Phases
O4-type LiCoO<sub>2</sub> as a third
polymorph of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> is prepared by an ion-exchange method
in aqueous media from OP4-[Li, Na]ÂCoO<sub>2</sub>, which has
an intergrowth structure of O3-LiCoO<sub>2</sub> and P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub>. O4-type LiCoO<sub>2</sub> is characterized by synchrotron
X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Structural characterization reveals that O4-type LiCoO<sub>2</sub> has an intergrowth structure of O3- and O2-LiCoO<sub>2</sub> with
stacking faulted domains. Three LiCoO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs are formed
from the close-packed CoO<sub>2</sub> layers, which consist of edge-shared
CoO<sub>6</sub> octahedra, whereas the oxide-ion stacking is different:
cubic in the O3-phase, cubic/hexagonal in the O2-phase, and alternate
O3 and O2 in the O4-phase. Structural analysis using the DIFFaX program
suggests that the O4-phase consists of approximately 30% of O12-domains,
while stacking faults are not evidenced for O2-phase. The results
suggest that a nucleation process for Na/Li ion-exchange kinetically
dominates a growth process of ideal O4-domains because the presence
of CoO<sub>2</sub>–Li–CoO<sub>2</sub> blocks as O3-domains
could be expected to prevent through-plane interaction of Na layers.
Electrochemical behavior and structural transition processes for three
LiCoO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs are compared in Li cells. A new phase,
OT<sup>#</sup>4-type Li<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub>, is first isolated
as an intergrowth phase of O3- and T<sup>#</sup>2-Li<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub>. However, some deviations from ideal behavior as
the O2/O3-intergrowth phase are also noted, presumably because of
the existence of stacking faults
Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex II: Neutron Scattering Instruments
The neutron instruments suite, installed at the spallation neutron source of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), is reviewed. MLF has 23 neutron beam ports and 21 instruments are in operation for user programs or are under commissioning. A unique and challenging instrumental suite in MLF has been realized via combination of a high-performance neutron source, optimized for neutron scattering, and unique instruments using cutting-edge technologies. All instruments are/will serve in world-leading investigations in a broad range of fields, from fundamental physics to industrial applications. In this review, overviews, characteristic features, and typical applications of the individual instruments are mentioned
National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era