Nanofiber-Supported Palladium NanocubesToward Highly Active and Reusable Catalyst

Electrospun nanofibers were used to support palladium nanocubes, resulting in a highly active, stable, and reusable catalyst. The system proposed herein offers significant advantages compared to catalysts in the form of nanoparticles suspension. The porous, solvent permeable structure of the nanofiber mat ensures uniform and stable time distribution of palladium nanoparticles; preventing coalescence and allowing multiple use of the catalyst. The proposed cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber mat loaded with Pd nanocubes during the nanofiber preparation step is a macroscopic structure of intrinsically nanostructural character of the catalyst that can be easily transferred between different solutions without compromising its effectiveness in consecutive cycles. Thus, obtained system was characterized with high catalytic activity as tested on a model example of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction by NaBH4 to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). It is shown that loading nanofibers with Pd nanocubes during electrospinning resulted in a significantly more stable system compared to surface modification of obtained nanofibers with nanocube suspension

Nano–bio interactions of upconversion nanoparticles at subcellular level: biodistribution and cytotoxicity

Background: Modern medicine requires intensive research to find new diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Recently, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with lanthanide ions have attracted significant attention. Methods: The efficient internalization of UCNPs by cells was confirmed, and their precise cellular localization was determined by electron microscopy and confocal studies. Results: UCNPs colocalized only with specific organelles, such as early endosomes, late endosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, experiments with chemical inhibitors confirmed the involvement of endocytosis in UCNPs internalization and helped select several mechanisms involved in internalization. Exposure to selected UCNPs concentrations did not show significant cytotoxicity, induction of oxidative stress or ultrastructural changes in cells. Conclusion: This study suggests that UCNPs offer new diagnostic options for biomedical infrared imaging.</p