Chemical composition of the brown alga Padina pavonia (L.) Gaill. from the adriatic sea

The chemical composition of the brown alga Padina pavonia (L.) Gaill. from the southern Adriatic Sea was investigated. Twelve sterols were identified in the sterol fraction, the main ones being cholesterol and fucosterol. The main fatty acids in the lipids were also identified.The most abundant fatty acid was palmitic acid, followed by oleic and myristic acids.The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was unusually low for a marine alga. By GC/MS analysis of the volatile and polar fractions, 40 compounds were identified. Some of them probably possess defensive functions. In the volatile fraction free fatty acids, aromatic esters, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde predominated. Low concentrations of terpenoids, phenols and sulfur containing compounds were also identified.The nbutanol extract contained mainly fatty acids and polyols. Some of the extracts had an antibacterial activity

Association of IL-10 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Bulgarian Patients

Abstract Background. IL-10 SNPs have been implicated in various autoimmune diseases but the results were found to vary within the different ethnicities. Materials and Methods. This is a study to investigate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-10 gene (-3575T/A, -2849G/A, -2763C/A, -592C/A) with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. The study includes fifty-five Bulgarian patients and eighty-three matched controls. Results. None of the polymorphisms studied appeared associated with the disease. Most of the polymorphisms were independently associated with the clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters of SLE. The haplotype analysis revealed an association between -3575T/-2849G/-2763C/-592A haplotype and serositis (p=0.046), and photosensitivity (p=0.002). Conclusion. Our results show that IL-10 polymorphisms have rather a disease modifying role for the development of SLE