Effect of Detoxified Jatropha Cake on Hepatic and Renal Function following Long Term Feeding to Mice

Jatropha curcas belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries. The toxicity of the whole seed Jatropha curcas has been known for a long time. Jatropha plant is used as a source of biodiesel. In addition to being a source of oil, Jatropha also provides seed-cake and is a by-product of oil extraction that serves as a highly nutritious and economic protein supplement in animal feed. It also contains many toxic components like phorbol ester, lectins, saponin, curcin, HCN etc. In the present study, we detoxified whole Jatropha cake by subjecting to various solvent extraction, alkali and heat treatment. After processing, cake was dried and animal baits were prepared by mixing different percentage of detoxified (JCMD) and non detoxified cake (JCM). Long term (90 days) animal feeding trials and toxicological evaluations was carried out. Animals were sacrificed at various time intervals for toxicity evaluation. The toxicity study result revealed that 10% (w/w) detoxified (JCMD) baits fed group animals survived till the 90 days and did not show any significant changes in various clinical parameters related to hepatic and renal function while in 10% non detoxified (JCM) fed groups mortality starts on 6th day of feeding and no animal was survived beyond 9th day. The result of long term feeding trials and toxicity study reveals that 10% detoxified Jatropha cake can be supplemented in animal’s diet after detoxification

Association of dyslipidemia, increased insulin resistance, and serum CA 15-3 with increased risk of breast cancer in urban areas of North and Central India

Objective: This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR) with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 110 premenopausal and 143 postmenopausal, untreated female BC patients in the age range of 29–72 years. Control group consisted of 117 premenopausal and 141 postmenopausal healthy females in the age range of 23–75. Approximately 8-ml blood samples were drawn to measure various biochemical parameters. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured. Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated using Friedewald's formula. Serum insulin and serum CA 15-3 were estimated by immune enzymatic assay. IR was assessed using homeostasis model assessment IR index (HOMA-IR). Results: Clinical variables in the case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by binary logistic regression analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the association between CA 15-3 and variables of interest. Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum CA 15-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in BC patients compared to those in controls. Significant adjusted ORs with 95% CI were found to be fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and TGs. We also found a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum CA 15-3. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between dyslipidemia, IR, and increased BC risk

Study of the Stability of Various Biochemical Analytes in Samples Stored at Different Predefined Storage Conditions at an Accredited Laboratory of India

Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically. Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were stable under all conditions. Serum amylase was the only analyte demonstrating instability following prolonged storage; amylase levels changed significantly (both statistically and clinically) at 7, 15, and 30 days (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Most common biochemical analytes, except for amylase, showed adequate stability in serum following 30 days of storage at −20°C. Serum amylase analysis should be conducted on the same day that the sample is received in the laboratory

A comparative study among clinical and non clinical medical professional’s experiences perceived stress during Covid -19 pandemic era, at tertiary health care centre in central India

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the daily routines of each individual worldwide in tandem with efforts to prevent and control the transmission of COVID-19. The increasing trend of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 required healthcare workers, particularly doctors, to be involved in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic such as contact tracing, diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study has been conducted at Government Medical College and associated hospital, Datia, MP, India during April 2021 to June 2021 among doctors who did different duties in covid-19 pandemic era and comparison between clinical and non clinical specialist in terms of perceived stress. Participants surveyed by socio demographic Performa and Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-10]. Results: Study discloses significant level of stress among medical professionals invariable of gender, age and department. Clinical specialist displayed higher range of perceived stress in comparison of non clinical doctors. Conclusion: Understanding and addressing the mental health issues of health care professionals is important in terms of their efficiency and adaptability towards current scenario of Covid-19 pandemic and this is also noteworthy to identify and neutralise their rising burden of stress and promotion of positive mental health

Analysis of the clinical profile in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and its association with parasite density

Background: Malaria remains a major health hazard in the modern world, particularly in developing countries. In Plasmodium falciparum malaria, there is a direct correlation between asexual erythrocytic stage parasite density and disease severity. Accordingly, the correlations between parasite density and various clinical presentations, severity, and outcome were examined in falciparum malaria in India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary health-care center in North India. Of 100 cases of falciparum malaria, 65 patients were male and 35 were female. A total of 54 patients were in the uncomplicated group and 46 patients were in the complicated malaria group. Results: Fever, anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and hepatosplenomegaly were common clinical findings. All clinical findings were significantly more common in the complicated malaria group and patients with a high parasite density than in the uncomplicated group and those with a low parasite density. All patients in the uncomplicated malaria group had a parasite density of 5%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant. The incidence of cerebral malaria was significantly higher in cases with a high parasite density; 58.33% mortality was observed in these cases. Cerebral malaria and hyperbilirubinemia was the most frequently encountered combination of complications. Conclusions: In P. falciparum malaria, parasite density was associated with complications and poor clinical outcomes. These results may inform treatment decisions and suggest that a threshold parasite density of 5% is informative

Study of oral premalignant and malignant lesions in a tertiary care teaching centre of North India

Background :Oral malignancies are the sixth most common cancer around the globe. However, In India oral cancer is one of the leading carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma these days. Its incidence is 12.6 per 1,00,000 population. Oral carcinoma is a common health problem with developing prevalence and mortality rates. Prevention or early finding of premalignant and oral cancer requires increased public awareness. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent of oral carcinomas and represents about 3% of all human malignant tumours. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Medical College associated Hospital, Datia from February 2018 to February 2019. Total 88 patients suffering from oral lesions were included in the study both premalignant and malignant lesions. The patients were asked about the detailed clinical history and daily routine habits to eliminate exposure to known carcinogens. Result:In this study total Males were 52 and females were 36 (M:F=1.3:1). The mean age was 56.2 years. The largest number of patients of premalignant cases was between age group 41-60 years and malignant cases between age group 51-70 years. Regarding substance abuse maximum patents was tobacco was chewers then smokers then tobacco chewers as well as and some was no addiction to tobacco or smoking.Conclusion : This study explores the prevalence of oral lesions in this area and attempts to correlate the various risk factors with the lesions identified. Present studies were pattern and presentation of premalignant as well as malignant lesions in oral cavity and result of epidemiological factors and daily lifestyle habits on the scenario of oral cavity

Correlation of Hematological Parameters in Covid Positive Patients with The Severity of their Illness at A Teaching Hospital in India

Introduction: This study was done to evaluate importance of hematological parameters to identify severity of covid 19 positive patients. So that, it will be evaluated who need ICU or emergency treatment. A comparison of biomarkers from the peripheral blood between the covid 19 and non-covid 19 has been done. A comparable study with respect to age, gender and clinical complaints between covid 19 and non-covid 19 patients has been performed. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Autonomous government medical college society of Firozabad on 150 covid positive confirmed patients who were admitted in the covid hospital. Data was collected from the record section of this institute.Result: As covid 19 is a systemic infection involving multiple systems of the body but the hematopoietic system and hemostasis showed the major impact. Leukocytosis with neutrophila, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia along with raised PT, APTT and D-dimer were reported with poor prognostic potential. Biomarkers such as serum ferritin, serum pro-calcitonin, CRP, interleukin 6 proved to be the important inflammatory marker, which are associated with the severity of the covid 19 positive patients so that proper intervention should be taken at the appropriate time.Conclusion: Laboratory tests were found to be useful in the diagnosis and management of the disease. Hematological abnormalities included lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and slight fall of hemoglobin. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes count declined as the disease aggravated