25 research outputs found
English Right Dislocation
A number of researchers claim that the derivation of the Right Dislocation Construction (RDC) involves movement (e.g.
Rightward movement phenomena in human language
The aim of my thesis is to show that some properties of rightward
movement constructions (a cover term referring to sentences where an element
appears to be “displaced” to the right) may be derived from syntactic principles and
interface conditions within the framework of the minimalist program, and also to
claim that properties which have up to now been dealt with purely in syntax receive a
better account in terms of language processing.
I develop a nonmovement approach to the Japanese Post-Verbal
Construction (JPVC) by claiming that a postverbal phrase is adjoined to an element
by External Merge, and that it is permitted as a syntactic object by a licensing
condition which allows it to be construed as an argument or a modifier by
interpretive rules at the interface level (SEM/LF). Many syntactic properties of the
JPVC are accounted for in terms of independently motivated interface conditions and
syntactic principles.
I assume that the parser is a system that can make use of UG principles as
well as language particular rules, and that the parser should be universal. The
interaction of syntactic principles with parsing strategies makes it possible to cope
with elusive problems concerning scope ambiguity as well as locality effects
observed in the JPVC. This interaction may also account for the Right Roof
Constraint effect displayed by the rightward movement constructions in English (i.e.,
Heavy "P Shift (H"PS), Extraposition from "P, and Right Dislocation).
Furthermore, it predicts that languages fall into three types with respect to the
possibility of the HNPS construction: (i) both subjects and objects can appear in
postverbal position (e.g., Italian, Japanese, Turkish); (ii) subjects cannot do so (e.g.,
English); (iii) neither subjects nor objects can appear in postverbal position (e.g.,
Dutch, German).
The claim that there is a parsing strategy relating to linear distance is
supported by an experiment designed as a test for the effect of the length of
intervening elements on acceptability of the JPVC, with the data obtained using
Magnitude Estimation, a technique used in psychophysics to measure judgements of
sensory stimuli
Effects of Primers Containing Thiouracil and Phosphate Monomers on Bonding of Resin to Ag-Pd-Au Alloy
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of four experilnental prinlers on bond strength between a self-curing luting agent and silver-palladiuln-gold alloy. The experinlental primers were in lnixed solutions of a thiouracil primer (Metaltite) and a phosphate primer (Epricord, PM, PE, or PP), which were designated as Metaltite/Epricord,Metaltite/PM, Metaltite/PE, and Metaltite/PP respectively. Three prilners (Metal Primer II, V-Primer, and Alloy Primer) were also prepared as controls. Allunina-blasted metal alloys \u27were bonded with acrylic rods. After 5,000 thermocycles, the maximu111 shear bond strength was obtained with Metaltite/PE (27.8±2.4 MPa) and Metaltite/Epricord (27.6± 5.9 MPa), followed by Metaltite/PP, Alloy Prilner, Metaltite, Metaltite/PM, Metal Primer II, V-Primer, and Epricord. PE, PM, and PP showed the lowest bond strength. Results of this study revealed that the cOlnbined use of a thiouracil Inonomer and a phosphate lnonomer ilnproved adhesive bonding. In this light, clinicians should pay attention to the types of functional monomers dissolved in a primer when fabricating resin-bonded prostheses
Neutron Irradiation Effects in Al-Li and Al-Mg-Li Alloys
Al-2.3wt%Li and Al-4.1wt%Mg-1.1wt%Li alloys were neutron-irradiated in JOYO, JMTR and RTNS-II with different types of energy spectra. The changes of He production by different neutron sources and of precipitates due to the isothermal annealing at 400℃ were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was confirmed from TEM observations that He production by transmutation and the coagulation of He atoms after the annealing depend on neutron energy spectra used for the irradiation. It was also found that the addition of Mg to Al-Li alloy strongly suppresses the growth of He bubbles. Interrelations among precipitates, vacancies, He atoms and Li atoms were investigated, obtaining a reasonable coincidence between mutual amounts
Flexural strength of the joint between glass-infiltrated alumina frames and the alumina-magnesia modifier.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the flexural strength of the joint between glass-infiltrated alumina frames and the experimental adjusting agent (MA modifier) that contains alumina and magnesia. METHODS: A commercially available adjusting agent (Optimizer), a slurry of alumina powder (Alumina modifier), and a bulk specimen (joint-free alumina) were used as controls. Beam-shaped alumina specimens were machined from an alumina block. The ends of two alumina beams were positioned at an interval of 1.0mm and joined with each adjusting agent. The joined specimens were subjected to sintering, glass infiltration firing, glass control firing, and then a three-point bending test was carried out to evaluate the flexural strength. RESULTS: The maximum flexural strength was observed in the joint-free alumina, followed by MA modifier, Optimizer and Alumina modifier. With the exception for joint-free alumina, the failure modes after three-point bending test tended to shift from adhesive failure at substrate material-adjusting agent interface to cohesive failure within adjusting agent as the flexural strength increased. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MA modifier significantly improved the flexural strength of joined glass-infiltrated alumina frame. The MA modifier could be applied for adjusting the margin as an alternative to Optimizer when fabricating crown and bridge substructures with In-Ceram Alumina system
The effect of magnesium oxide supplementation to aluminum oxide slip on the jointing of aluminum oxide bars
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of modifying aluminum oxide slips with magnesium oxide (MgO) tocreate a jointing material for In-CeramR Alumina. Jointed In-CeramR Alumina bars with In-CeramR Alumina slips containing0-1.0 mass% MgO were examined by a three-point bending test. Joint-free bars were also tested as controls.Fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, linear shrinkage and fracture toughnesswere assessed. The 0.3 mass% MgO group showed the highest flexural strength among the jointed groups, and there were no statisticaldifferences between the joint-free control groups. The fracture surface of 0.3 mass% MgO group showed increasedsintering densification with reduced micropore size. No linear shrinkage was observed with the addition of MgO to thealumina slip. Added MgO was also effective in boosting fracture toughness. The present findings indicate that the MgOsupplementedbinding material is useful for clinical applications
The Island Effect in Postverbal Constructions in Japanese
It has been generally assumed that a violation of island constraints indicates that the relevant syntactic phenomena involves movement. That is, if what look like displacements violate island constraints but remain acceptable, this means that they should not be derived by movement. A careful examination of postverbal constructions in Japanese reveals that no movement is involved in the derivation of the construction despite the fact that in some cases island effects are observed. The effects, which have up to now been dealt with purely in syntax, can receive a better account in terms of language processing. This suggests that the human parser should undertake explanations of part of the output of the competence system.