Semantic Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing

Cloud storage becomes more and more popular in the recent trend since it provides various benefits over the traditional storage solutions. Along with many benefits provided by cloud storage, many security problems arise in cloud storage which prevents enterprises from migrate their data to cloud storage. These security problems induce the data owners to encrypt all their sensitive data such as social security number (SSN), credit card information, and personal tax information before they can be stored in cloud storage. The encryption approach may have strengthened the data security of cloud data, but it degrades the data efficiency because the encryption reduces the searchability of the data. Many schemes were proposed in recent researches which enable keyword search over encrypted data in cloud computing, and these schemes contain weaknesses which make them impractical when applying these schemes in real-life scenarios. In this project, we developed a system to support semantic search over encrypted data in cloud computing with three different schemes. The three schemes that we developed are “Synonym-Based Keyword Search (SBKS)”, “Wikipedia-Based Keyword Search (WBKS)”, and “Wikipedia-Based Synonym Keyword Search (WBSKS)”. Based on our experiment data, it demonstrated that the indexes created by our schemes are 95% smaller and reduced the average search time by 95% if compared to the schemes proposed previously. These improvements illustrated that our developed schemes are more practical than the former proposed schemes

Knowledge Sources of Innovation in a Small, Open Economy: The Case of Singapore

By tracing the flows of patent citation of prior patents and scientific journal articles, we investigate the sources of knowledge for innovation output in Singapore, a small, highly open economy that has traditionally been significantly dependent on foreign multinational corporations (MNCs). We found that the local production of new knowledge by indigenous Singaporean firms depends disproportionately on technological knowledge produced by MNCs with operational presence in Singapore and scientific knowledge generated by foreign universities. Locally produced new knowledge by indigenous firms and local universities constitute an insignificant, albeit rapidly growing, source for innovation in Singapore.innovation system, patent citation, Singapore, knowledge sources

Availability of Financing, Regulatory Business Costs and National Entrepreneurial Propensity

In this paper, we focus on two barriers to entry that may hinder the formation of new firms: capital requirements and regulatory business cost. The contribution of this paper is twofold: we compare the availability of different types of financing sources to address the issue of capital requirement and we utilise a new measure of business cost by constructing a composite index using data from the World Bank’s Doing Business Database. Using cross-sectional data on 37 countries that participated in the 2002 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we examine the effect of availability of financing and regulatory business costs on the propensity of three different types of entrepreneurial activity:opportunity-driven, necessity driven and high-growth potential new firm formation. The availability of three types of financing sources is analysed: traditional debt financing, venture capital financing, and informal investments. The findings show that only informal investments significantly influence the propensity to be entrepreneurs. Regulatory business costs were found to deter opportunity driven entrepreneurship, but had no impact on other types of entrepreneurial activity.entrepreneurial activity, financing, venture capital, informal investment, business cost