Mycobacterium ulcerans

Objective. The usual preferential site of BU is in the limbs. In our experience, we noticed atypical and often misleading sites which pose serious issues for the diagnosis and often for the treatment. Methods. This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of ten years of BU treatment at the Department of Dermatology of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). We included in this study all BU cases with atypical site diagnosed clinically and confirmed either by the histology, by smear, or by PCR. Results. Epidemiologically, the age of patients ranged from 3 to 72 years with a median age of 14.2 years. Children aged less than 15 years were affected in almost 80% of case. The clinical table was dominated by ulcerated forms in 82.1% of cases. The unusual topography mostly observed was that of the torso (thorax, back, and abdomen) in 76.8% of cases. Conclusion. BU is an endemic disease in Côte d’Ivoire where it constitutes a serious public health issue. Several years following its first cases, BU still is little known. This dermatosis may present atypical misleading clinical aspects which must be ignored

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Paraclinic Aspect of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Black Africans

The specific objectives were to identify the epidemiology of cutaneous sarcoidosis and describe the clinical and laboratory aspects of the disease. Materials and Methods. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 24 referred cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis in 25 years (1990–2014) collected at Venereology Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville (Abidjan) both in consultation and in hospitalization. Results. The hospital frequency was one case per year. The average age was 42 years, ranging from 9 to 64. The sex ratio was 1. The shortest time interval between the appearance of the skin lesion and consultation of Dermatology Department at CHU Treichville was 3 months. The elementary lesions were represented primarily by a papule (18 cases), placard (3 cases), and nodule (2 cases) and mainly sat on the face and neck in 8 cases (38%). Extra cutaneous lesions were dominated by ganglion and respiratory involvement with 5 cases each followed by musculoskeletal damage in 3 cases. Chest radiography showed abnormality in 13 cases (54%). The pulmonary function test performed in 13 patients found 7 cases (54%) having restrictive ventilatory syndrome and 6 cases (46%) being normal. A tuberculin anergy was found in 11 cases (61%)

An integrated active case detection and management of skin NTDs in yaws endemic health districts in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Integrated approaches to mapping skin Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) may be cost-effective way to guide decisions on resource mobilization. Pilot studies have been carried out, but large-scale data covering multiple countries endemic for skin NTDs are lacking. Within the LAMP4YAWS project, we collected integrated data on the burden of multiple skin NTDs. METHODS: From March 2021 to March 2023, integrated case searches for yaws alongside other skin conditions were performed in endemic health districts of yaws in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Integrated activities included training, social mobilization and active case detection. Initial screening involved a brief clinical examination of participants to determine if any skin conditions were suspected. Cases of skin NTDs were then referred to a health facility for appropriate management. RESULTS: Overall 61,080 individuals screened, 11,387 (18.6%) had skin lesions. The majority of individuals (>90%) examined were children aged 15 years old and under. The proportion of serologically confirmed yaws cases was 8.6% (18/210) in Cameroon, 6.8% (84/1232) in Côte d'Ivoire, and 26.8% (440/1643) in Ghana. Other skin conditions based on clinical examination included: scabies, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis (lymphoedema and hydrocele), tungiasis, and fungal infections. The most common conditions were scabies and superficial fungal infections. In Cameroon, scabies and superficial fungal infections accounted for 5.1% (214/4204) and 88.7% (3730/4204) respectively, 25.2% (1285/5095) and 50.4% (2567/5095) in Côte d'Ivoire. In Ghana, 20% (419/2090) of individuals had scabies but superficial fungal infections were not routinely recorded and were reported in only 1.3% (28/2090). Other skin NTDs were less common across all three countries. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that integrated screening allows simultaneous detection of multiple skin NTDs, maximising use of scarce resources

Fixed pigmented erythema due to cimetidine

Fixed pigmented erythema (EPF) is pathognomonic of drug-induced toxicity. Antisecretory drugs are among the most commonly not responsible drugs. EPF secondary to cimetidine administration has rarely been described. We report an EPF case during a cimetidine-based treatment in Bouake. A 43-year-old patient, HIV negative, consults for an EPF located on both sides of the breasts, on the 5th day of an antiulcer treatment comprising compressed cimetidine and gastric dressing based on phosphatase d ‘aluminum. The diagnosis is made in front of the characteristic aspect of the lesion of EPF and the early reappearance of lesions recurring exactly in the same places, after the reintroduction of cimetidine. The discovery of an EPF imposes a strict etiological approach in search of the responsible drug. During anti-ulcer treatment, the practitioner should bear in mind the potential role of cimetidine

Skin pathology of the elderly patients: Case of black African

Background: Skin diseases of the elderly subjects have clinical signs which are different from those of the young people. The purpose of this study was to determine the skin diseases that led elderly people to consult at the Department of Dermatology at the University Teaching Hospital in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: That was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducting between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 and including patients 65 years and older who were diagnosed with skin diseases the Department of Dermatology at the University Teaching Hospital in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Results: During the study period, 109 patients aged 65 years and older (1.8%) were recruited. These patients consulted for 227 diagnoses. The average age of the patients was 71.8 and sex ratio was 0.7. Mycoses were the major reason for consultation (18.7%) followed by pruritus (17.9%), eczema (13.1%), and (9.0%) tumors with 76.5% of benign tumors and (5.1%) disorders of keratinization. Leg ulcers were 2.1%. Mycoses were represented by intertrigo (52.9%) and dermatomycosis of the glabrous skin (25.7%). Kaposi sarcoma and keloid were the most frequent tumors. Conclusion: Our study shows a predominance of mycosis, eczema, and pruritus in the elderly subjects. Mycoses and pruritus could result from the weather and the skin aging, respectively

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Three Case Reports

Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease predisposes patients to early-onset skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report 3 pediatric cases, including 2 deaths. Observation: The subjects included 2 boys and 1 girl with skin type VI. All subjects were from consanguineous marriages, and the average age was 7.6 years. The patients all had ulcerative budding tumor lesions in the cephalic region, and the mean disease duration was 18 months. In all 3 cases, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made before the poikilodermal appearance of sun-exposed areas and photophobia. Neurological-type mental retardation was noted in 1 case. Histology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 cases. The evolutions were marked by the death of 2 children (cases 1 and 3). In one case, the outcome was favorable following cancer excision and subsequent chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious complication related to xeroderma pigmentosum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention is based on the early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum, black skin photoprotection, screening and early treatment of lesions, and genetic counseling

Dépigmentation cutanée cosmétique des femmes noires: résultats d’une enquête CAP à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Introduction: la dépigmentation cutanée cosmétique est une pratique largement répandue chez les femmes noires en Afrique. Elle comporte de nombreuses complications bien décrites depuis des décennies. Cependant, les motivations des pratiquantes ne sont pas bien connues. Notre étude avait pour objectif d'appréhender les raisons et les motivations de ces femmes afin de pouvoir mener une action de communication en vue d'un changement de comportement. Méthodes: nous avons mené une étude transversale qui a consisté en une enquête CAP (Connaissances/Attitudes/Pratiques) au centre de Dermatologie du CHU de Treichville d'Abidjan. Les données ont été analysées par les logiciels Epi Info 3.5.1. et 6.04. Résultats: les pratiquantes étaient surtout des femmes urbaines jeunes (20-40 ans), célibataires, lettrées et professionnellement actives. La dépigmentation cutanée et ses conséquences étaient connues des femmes Cependant, elles désiraient être plus belles grâce à un teint plus clair et étaient influencées par les médias et leurs amies proches. Les complications les plus fréquemment observées étaient l'ochronose exogène et les vergetures. Les moyens de communication de proximité étaient les plus souhaités par les utilisatrices pour les aider à changer de comportement. Conclusion: l'élaboration de stratégies de communication de proximité visant un changement de comportement semble nécessaire pour enrayer le phénomène de dépigmentation cosmétique des femmes à Abidjan. The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

Allergy to Red Meat: A Diagnosis Made by the Patient and Confirmed by an Assay for IgE Antibodies Specific for Alpha-1,3-Galactose

We report the first case of allergy to red meat observed in Ivory Coast. A 49-year-old male presented with pruritus. The diagnosis of allergy to red meat was confirmed by an assay for IgE antibodies specific for alpha-1,3 galactose. Interestingly, the disease was considered a spell to the patient who was suspected of being a sorcerer by the community