The field of integrated water vapor over northeastern Siberia from the data of global navigation satellite systems

© 2016, Allerton Press, Inc.Seasonal and diurnal variations in integrated water vapor over northeastern Siberia derived from the data of global navigation satellite systems are considered. It is demonstrated that integrated water vapor is characterized by asymmetric annual variations with the maximum in July and with the minimum in February. The meridional gradient of integrated water vapor during the year varies from -8.7 mm/1000 km in July to -0.5 mm/1000 km in February. The zonal gradient reaches 1.0 mm/1000 km in July and -2.8 mm/1000 km in September. It is shown that the diurnal maximum of integrated water vapor is registered in the evening and at night and the amplitude of diurnal variations is 0.25-0.70 mm in summer and 0.08-0.21 mm in winter

Diurnal variations in integrated water vapor derived from a GPS ground network in the Volga-Ural region of Russia

© Author(s) 2017.In this article, we present estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics of variations in integrated water vapor content (IWV) according to data from 16 GPS stations in the Volga-Ural region of Russia during 2013-2015. Amplitudes of diurnal harmonics are maximal in summer and reach values from 0.37 to 1.01ĝ€mm. Time at the maximum of diurnal harmonic is typically in the period from 14:00 to 17:00. Semidiurnal harmonics have the largest amplitudes in spring and autumn, but they do not exceed 0.19ĝ€mm. A comparison of the diurnal cycle from GPS data and ERA-Interim reanalysis has revealed significant differences in the phase. It is established that, as a result of evaporation from the underlying surface and convective lifting of moist air, the summer diurnal variations in IWV and surface density of water vapor are in antiphase. The diurnal cycle of IWV is determined by surface air temperature to be 88ĝ€% in summer and less than at 35ĝ€% in other seasons. It is noted that maximal amplitudes of diurnal harmonic of IWV are observed at stations located on the windward side of mountains

Mining waste utilization in the production of building materials

Possibilities of utilization of Olenegorsk iron ore deposit and Khibiny apatite-nepheline ore deposit overburden rocks (Kola Peninsula, Russia) in the production of building materials have been considered. It has been shown that overburden rocks minerals, particularly nepheline, chemically react with cement phase thereby consolidating the contact zone. According to the obtained results the overburden rocks can be used in road building, civil and industrial engineering

Nanoindentation and Strain Characteristics of Nanostructured Boride/Nitride Films

The hardness, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery of nanostructured boride/nitride films 1–2 µm thick have been investigated by the nanoindentation technique under the maximum loads over a wide range (from 5 to 100 mN). It is demonstrated that only the hardness parameters remain constant at small loads (5–30 mN). The data obtained are discussed and compared with the parameters determined by other methods

Determination of troposphere characteristics using signals of satellite navigation systems

Based on two-frequency phase measurements of GNSS signals by ground-based receivers, zenith delays of radio signals in the troposphere are estimated. These estimates are compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data on weather fields. It is shown that the standard deviation in the values of zenith delays obtained in both ways is about 1 cm on average. According to our calculations, such a level of accuracy permits one to study the interday and intraday dynamics of the troposphere. The temporal resolution of estimates based on the GNSS data is 2 h, which makes it possible to organize atmosphere monitoring using a ground-based network of satellite tracking systems. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

[Review] Biographical Dictionary of the Social Movements in Modern Japan

© 2012, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor obtained from the phase measurement by satellite navigation systems’ receivers are discussed. The comparison between numerical weather reanalysis fields and solar photometer measurements has shown an agreement with a relative deviation of less than 10%. Intraseasonal processes of 3–45 days in length significantly contribute to variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor; their amplitude is 1–4 kg/m2. Variations with periods from 3 to 10 days are the most frequent

Influence of Irregularities of Water Vapor Field in Surface Layer of the Atmosphere on the Results of Satellite Monitoring of Hydropower Structures in Region of Reservoirs

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Results are presented for the modeling of coordinate errors in the projected GNSS system of monitoring the Zagorsk GAES-2 that are caused by local atmospheric irregularities in the surface layer. It has been established that for mean meteorological conditions, these errors can reach 0.8 mm for elevation and 0.1 mm for horizontal position. It is noted that actual instantaneous irregularities exceed mean values by an order of magnitude and can thus cause larger errors in coordinates