FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP – AS POTENTIAL BENEFIT TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA

A serious social crisis, especially in an economic sphere, creates the need to reassess all social values and possibilities, including the status and role of women in Serbian society, economy, and the possibilities of their benefit to the over-all development. The results of recent research indicate that gender differences contribute to more successful busi-ness of enterprises and that female entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as underdeveloped and untapped po-tential for economic growth. Statistical data show that the share of female enterprises in the total number of SMEs in Serbia is about 26%. The main findings of the research on student attitudes towards entrepreneurship indicate that: women still prefer well-paid jobs to their own businesses, a key motive of women for setting up their own business is a desire for independence, and their major constraint is a lack of material resources. Women consider that crucial competencies for setting up a business are developing an entrepreneurial spirit and creative thinking, while more than two thirds of women would develop their business in the field of services and education. The basic messages of the paper are focused in two directions: firstly, it is necessary that the state defines a set of regulatory measures in order to create a business environment for faster growth of female entrepreneurship in Serbia, considering the cur-rent state of the SME sector and additional limitations caused by the economic crisis; and secondly, it is necessary to make a relevant and thorough analysis of female entrepreneurship in order to monitor its development and provide an adequate mechanism for its encouragement

INNOVATION AS A GENERATOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

In spite of the positive social climate, personnel and material capacities for the development of innovative activities, the results in our country are not satisfactory. This indicates that there is a need to detect and remove the barriers which prevent faster development of innovative activities. Therefore, a quick and strong orientation towards the economy of knowledge and the development of technological and scientific capacities of the country is the only alternative for Serbia at the beginning of the 21st century.Modern innovative processes, due to their complexity, require training of staff for new jobs such as: professionals for marketing activities, patent engineers, lawyers and economists who will deal with innovation management and the introduction, protection, and application of intellectual property. By comparing the total average public and business R&D expenditures in the period from 2000 to 2009 (0.3% of GDP) and the total expenditures of other countries, it could be concluded that the innovative potential for commercialization of new products in Serbia is about ten times lower than the average in the European Union. This is far from the recommendations of the Lisbon Declaration, which suggest that it is necessary to allocate about 3% of GDP for encouraging technological development. Only one third of this sum should be from the budget of European countries, and two thirds should be enterprise investments in research and development. The success of a particular enterprise depends on their cooperation with other participants in the “innovation system”, which involves participants from business sector, public sector and knowledge sector. The interconnection is crucial for the success of the Triple Helix model, and the relationship between enterprises and scientific institutions is particularly important

Trends in antihypertensive medicine utilization in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina : an eleven-year follow-up

Background. In last two decades, there have been substantial changes in the utilization patterns of antihypertensive medicines following new clinical trials and the introduction of new treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to analyze utilization and prescribing patterns regarding antihypertensive medicines in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during an 11-year follow-up according to national and European treatment guidelines. Methods. In this retrospective, observational study, medicine utilization data were analyzed between 2009-2019 period using the ATC/DDD methodology and expressed as the number of DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day (DID/TID). The medicine utilization 90% (DU90%) method was used for determine the quality of prescribing. Results. During the observed period, the use of antihypertensive medicines increased more than 3-times (125.97 DDD/TID in 2009 vs. 414.95 DDD/TID in 2019), corresponding to a rise in the prevalence of hypertensive patients from 91.7/1000 to 186.3/1000 in the same period. This was mainly driven by increased use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors with 241.69 %, beta blockers with 146.87%, calcium channel blockers with 251.55%, and diuretics with 178.95%. Angiotensin receptor blockers were the fastest growing group of antihypertensive medicines in this period and their utilization increased nearly 40 times. Conclusions. The overall antihypertensive medicines utilization was largely influenced by national and ESH/ESC guidelines and strongly corresponded to the positive medicine list of the national health insurance fund. Antihypertensive medicines utilization is comparable with medicine utilization trends in other countries

LINEAR ACCELERATORS IN TELERADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy is a therapeutic method of local treatment of tumors and other types of diseases using high- energy ionizing radiation. Teleradiotherapy is a type of radiation in which the radioactive source is located inside the teleradiotherapy device. The devices used in teleradiotherapy are a linear accelerator and an almost abandoned cobalt unit. Accelerators are devices that, using electric and magnetic fields, accelerate charged particles to high speeds, sometimes even to speeds that are slightly less than the speed of light. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer are complex processes that require the knowledge and expertise of oncologists first, and then other members of the oncology team. The accelerated development of technology is proportional to the development of linear accelerators. Experts continuously work on improving them with the aim of using ionizing radiation as precisely and efficiently as possible for therapeutic purposes. Radiotherapy is a treatment method that implies precision in the deepest sense of the word. Precision must be present with the oncology team when creating the radiation plan, the medical radiology engineer when handling the linear accelerator and positioning the patient, as well as with the device itself. Accordingly, it is necessary to constantly carry out quality control of the linear accelerators themselves. Constant education of the oncology team, i.e. experts who perform radiotherapy using a linear accelerator, is extremely important in order to ensure the best possible care

Zamjena sustava turbinske regulacije proizvodne jedinice B HE Dubrovnik

U članku je predstavljena zamjena sustava turbinske regulacije proizvodne jedinice B HE Dubrovnik. U uvodu su navedeni glavni razlozi za zamjenu sustava turbinske regulacije. Nakon toga opisani su radovi i usluge potrebni za isporuku sustava po načelu ključ u ruke. Opisan je postupak projektiranja sustava. Predstavljeni su podsustavi sustava turbinske regulacije: elektrohidraulički podsustav sa hidrauličkim agregatom, hidrauličkim akumulatorima i hidrauličkim servomotorima, senzorika sustava turbinske regulacije, te ormari pomoćnih pogona i turbinske regulacije. Naznačeno je upravljanje sustavom turbinske regulacije. Navedena su tvornička, primopredajna ispitivanja i puštanje u pogon. Na kraju je dan osvrt na primopredajna ispitivanja i puštanje u pogon proizvodne jedinice B HE Dubrovnik