Seagrass Community of the Coastal in Southern of Bangka Island, North Minahasa Regancy, North Sulawesi Province

Purpose of this research is to know the community of seagrass, and physical-chemical parameters in the South Bangka island, North Minahasa Regancy, North Sulawesi Province. Data retrieval by the random sampling of systematic method on three lines transect with 50 m long, and 30 quadrants. Data taken in each quadrant is number of species and number of individuals of each species. Results of the measurement of physical and chemical parameters of static waters associated with the feasibility of life for water organisms in it, generally in good condition. Ten species of seagrass have been found in the southern part of the island of Bangka. Four species are always found in any transek i.e Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Enhallus acaroides, and Halophylla ovalis. The highest found in seagrass cover transek 1 i.e. 67.00% while the lowest in transek 3 i.e. 46.30%. Seagrass cover Enhallus acaroides in Bangka island very prominent compared to other species. Based on the current index value is important, Syringodium isoetifolium have a high importance value index only in the transek 3 which means this type of seagrass seagrass types affect other takes part in community level. Ecological index results suggest that the ecosystem of seagrass in Bangka island in the southern part of the State is stable

Cumulatif valuation of physic-chemical water quality from Tondano Lake, North Sulawesi

The research of  cumulative valuation  of physico-chemical  from Tondano Lake was conducted  in to  dry season on 2015.  The purpose  of the study was to  analysis of water quality of the Lake  such as Total Suspeded Solid (TSS), Total Disolved Solid (TDS), and Conductivity (DHL), as physical  parameters, and also chemical parameters such as  pH, Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Nitrogen Total, NH3, NO3, Phosfat Total, PO4, and Fe.  These were done by taking water sample on 24 location.The data were analysed by multivariate analysis with soft ware statistic R versi 3.3.2, and  Water quality analysis  based on  water quality criteria for  water environment, and Decree of Government Republic Indonesian No.82 /2001 about water quality management and water pollution control.Result revealed that  average and deviation standart  of phyco-chemical  parameters    are   TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901Principle Componen Analysis (PCA)  with  Eigen value (cumulative  % of variance)  62.68 %  explaining  10  parameter of physical chemistry water and 10 research location  as  reduction data from initial data.  Cluster analysis with  reduction data formed (1) The research location between Eris village and eceng gondok area, and fish Pond Eris village, the dominant variable were TDS, DHL, Nitrogen Total, and NH3.  (2) The research location in fish Pond Toulimembet  village, in front of  eceng gondok Urongo village, in front of eceng gondok Paleloan village, and in front of eceng gondok Roong village, the dominant variable were SO4, pH, and Mg,  (3) The research location between Kakas villages and eceng gondok area , Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Toulimembet village and eceng gondok area, and also fish Pond Kaima village,  the dominant variable were TSS, Ca, dan K.Tondano Lake has level of productivity from medium to high, and it is good for fish culture and fishery activity, prossed for drinking water, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, and water power.Keywords :  Valuation, physical chemistry water, criteria   Abstrak           Penelitian tentang kumulatif kualitas fisik kimia air Danau Tondano telah dilakukan pada  musim kemarau tahun 2015.  Tujuan penelitian adalah (1)  menganalisis kualitas air Danau Tondano  yang meliputi  TSS, TDS, DH sebagai faktor fisika perairan , dan faktor kimia  yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), parameter fisika air danau yaitu Calsium, Magnesium, Kalium, Sulfat, Total nitrogen,  Amoniak, Nitrat, Total Phosfat, Phosfat terlarut, dan Besi (Fe).Sampel air di ambil pada 24 titik pengambilan sampel di Danau Tondano.  Pengambilan sampel air  pada kedalaman 20 meter dilakukan pada 21 titik atau lokasi penelitian,  titik pengambilan sampel pada kedalaman  5 meter, 10 meter, dan 20 meter.Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan  (1) Analisis multivariate dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistic R versi R 3.3.2. (2)  Analisis kulaitas air dengan menggunakan kriteria kualitas air bagi lingkungan perairan, dan  Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 81 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air.Hasil analisis menunjukan konsentrasi  rata-rata dan stadar deviasi TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901. Melalui Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) diperoleh nilai Eigen 62.68 %  yang mampu  menerangkan varian indicator 10 variabel lingkungan dan 10 lokasi penelitian sebagai hasil reduksi data. Analisi kluster dari data reduksi membentuk 3 kluster yaitu  Kluster I di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Eris dan budidaya ikan Eris dengan variabel  dominan TDS, DHL, Total Nitrogen, dan amoniak.  Kluster II di lokasi penelitian budidaya ikan Toulimembet, depan eceng gondok Urongo, depan gondok Paleloan, Depan eceng gondok Roong dengan variabel dominan  SO4, pH, dan Magnesium.  Kluster III di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Kakas, belakang eceng gondok Kaweng, belakang eceng gondok Toulimembet, dan budidaya ikan Kaima dengan variabel dominan TSS, Ca, dan K.  Danau Tondano memiliki tingkat kesuburan perairan yang dikategorikan sedang sampai tinggi, dan layak bagi kegiatan perikanan, air danau dapat diolah menjadi air minum, keperluan pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, industri dan listrik tenaga air.Kata kunci: Penilaian, fisika kimia air, Kriteria 

Community Changes of Coral Reef Fishes in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

In order to look at changes in coral and reef fish communities during the period of 2006 to 2013, this research was carried out at Bunaken National Park (BNP) with 26 observation sites. The existing data and information of reef fish communities in the park generally could not be used as representative for describing the whole region. Percentage of coral cover and fish abundance during the study period shows that Bunaken Island is more similar to other locations. Reef fish community structure as seen from ecological index (H' at all sites being categorized, E category labile and low category C) shows the condition of the reef fish community is still good. Changes in the structure of reef fish communities showed declining conditions compared to 2006, and coral cover continued to decrease compared to 1998 and 2007. Good overall reef fish and coral cover have decreased; it is thought to be related to the pressure in BNP. Some of the pressures in the region were (i) increasing numbers of domestic as well as foreign visitors, (ii) increasing number of residents in the region, as well as the burden of waste and trash from the Bay of Manado. Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Nasional Bunaken (Utara dan Selatan) pada 26 lokasi pengamatan untuk menganalisis Perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang melalui kajian dari suatu time series data dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Data primer mengenai ikan-ikan karang diperoleh melalui visual sensus bawah air yang bersamaan dengan observasi terumbu karang menggunakan point intercept transect. Nilai persentase tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi pengamatan Pulau Bunaken paling baik dibandingan lokasi lainnya. Struktur komunitas ikan karang yang dianalisis dengan indeks ekologi menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman (H') di semua site masuk kategori sedang, indeks kesamaan (E) kategori labil dan indeks Dominansi (C) kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi komunitas ikan karang masih baik, sekalipun Perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang menunjukkan kondisi yang menurun dibandingkan tahun 2006, begitu juga tutupan karang yang terus turun dibandingkan tahun 1998 dan 2007. Secara keseluruhan baik ikan karang maupun tutupan karang mengalami penurunan, hal ini diduga terkait dengan tekanan yang dialami kawasan TN. Bunaken. Salah satu tekanan terhadap kawasan adalah jumlah turis dari dalam maupun luar negeri yang semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya, penambahan jumlah penduduk di dalam kawasan, serta beban limbah dan sampah dari Teluk Manado