Citizenship Policies Between Nation-State Building and Globalisation: Attitudes of the Decision Makers in Estonia

In the  following article, we examine the positions of the decision makers of Estonia on multiple and European  citizenship.  The  Estonian  case  ofers  good  opportunities  to  discuss  the  structuring  of  the feld of citizenship in the context of a country that is building up a European style nation-state but that has  to  simultaneously adjust  to  the changes  in  statehood usually  characterised as globalisation and Europeanisation. The article  is based on a survey conducted  in 2003-2004  in eight countries: Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Portugal and United Kingdom. We will frst briefy characterise the  socio-historical context of Estonian citizenship policies,  then discuss the  results of  the empirical research, relate these to wider trends and draw some conclusions

Citizenship Policies Between Nation-State Building and Globalisation: Attitudes of the Decision Makers in Estonia

"In the following article, we examine the positions of the decision makers of Estonia on multiple and European citizenship. The Estonian case offers good opportunities to discuss the structuring of the field of citizenship in the context of a country that is building up a European style nation-state but that has to simultaneously adjust to the changes in statehood usually characterised as globalisation and Europeanisation. The article is based on a survey conducted in 2003-2004 in eight countries: Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Portugal and United Kingdom. We will first briefly characterise the socio-historical context of Estonian citizenship policies, then discuss the results of the empirical research, relate these to wider trends and draw some conclusions." (author's abstract

Governing Transnationalisation and the Transformation of Sovereignty

In this article, we examine transnationalism and its governance with a view on the transformation of sovereignty. Transnationalism and sovereignty are in many ways conflicting but also necessarily connected. We explore these connections, more specifically, how the states (governments) govern, regulate, and utilise contexts that have developed transnational characteristics – e.g., via migration, economic transnationalisation, and meso-level trans-border cooperation. On this basis, we develop a typology of state-driven governance of transnationalism. This typology is discussed in juxtaposition to sovereignty as a multidimensional phenomenon and related to the main aspects of sovereignty: internal, external, and popular sovereignty.We conclude that transnationalisation is governable by the states, given adequate institutional arrangements. Sovereignty, especially internal sovereignty, can also be accumulated by the governments in transnational contexts. Popular and external sovereignty become fuzzier as people move around, and so does territory, as states no longer operate confined only to their borders. Instead, the administrative state becomes more relevant as the locus of sovereignty, as transnationals are necessarily related to administrative rules and procedures governing their movement, settlement, and activities. However, to the extent popular and external sovereignty remain relevant, they act as balances to the increase in internal sovereignty.Keywords: transnationalism, governance, the state, sovereignty, migration