Insecticidal potential of traditionally important plant, Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus)

304-311Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) is one of the most destructive pests of brassicaceous crops. Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) is versatile, traditionally important and edible medicinal plant, known to have insect repellent and larvicidal properties against many pests. Thus, the insecticidal potential of Z. armatum was evaluated against P. brassicae. N-hexane fraction of different plant parts of Z. armatum was extracted by using standard Soxhlet extraction method. Median lethal concentrations and time (LC50 and LT50) were determined by contact and oral toxicity tests by using Probit analysis. Pericarp and leaf extracts were found toxic to the caterpillars by contact. LC50’s of pericarp and leaf extract (by contact) was found to be 0.15% and 0.22%, respectively at 72 h. The relative toxicity of pericarp extract was recorded to be 1.50, when Azadirachtin 0.15 EC was considered as a unit. With sub-lethal concentrations, the developmental time was delayed; while percentage of pupation and adult emergence was significantly affected in treated caterpillars. In semi-field study, egg-laying of the female butterfly was significantly reduced and larval mortality was considerably higher (up to 53.33%) within 72 h after treatment in plants treated with Z. armatum extracts. In field trial, significant reduction (67.92%) in larval population was observed within 5 days of spraying of Z. armatum extracts

Synthesis, structure, redox behavior, catalytic activity and DFT study of a new family of ruthenium(III)1-(arylazo)naphtholate complexes

Treatment of [RuCl2(DMSO)(4)] with 1-(arylazo)naphthol ligands in benzene under reflux afford the air stable new ruthenium(III) complexes with general composition [Ru(L-R)(3)] (L = bidentate O, N donor; R = H, CH3, OCH3, Br, NO2) in good yield. The 1-(arylazo)naphthol ligands behave as tris-bidentate 0, N donors via naphtholic proton and azo nitrogen. The molecular and electronic structure of the complexes have been established by elemental analysis and spectral (FT-IR, UV-vis & EPR) methods. DFT calculations were also carried out on the complexes 1 and 3 along with X-ray crystallized geometry of complex 5. These complexes in dichloromethane solution show intense ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions in the visible region. The absorption and g-tensor value of these complexes (1, 3 & 5) were also computed and compared along with the available experimental results. The redox behavior of the complexes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the potentials are observed with respect to the electronic nature of substituents (R) in the 1-(arylazo)naphthol ligands. These complexes have shown great promise as catalysts for the conversion of aldehydes to primary amides in good yield. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Atypcal Crusted Scabies Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

A case of crusted scabies with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with atypical clinical manifestations along with histopathological features is described

Molecular structure elucidation -Quantum computational approach, Solvent impact analysis, topological investigation and Molecular docking of N -[2-(7-methoxynaphthalen- 1 -yl) ethyl] acetamide

N-[2-(7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl) ethyl] acetamide (AGL), a potentially antidepressant chemical molecule, was examined through quantum computational investigations and assessed using theoretical DFT analysis. The different functional groups are identified using FT-IR analysis and these results are contrasted against the simulated spectra. The modes of oscillations were analysed theoretically. The HOMO-LUMO band gap energy was determined for both gaseous and solvent phases (water, methanol, ethanol, and DMSO). Molecular Electrostatic Potential predictions are done to analyse the electrophilic and nucleophilic centres. UV–Vis spectra is performed for the title compound in various solvent. Fukui function, Mulliken charges, ELF, LOL, and RDG were also analysed theoretically. Additionally, molecular docking studies also explored, hydrogen bond length and binding energy were determined. The bioactivity of the compound is recognised by these present studies

Services Trade and Policy

A substantial body of research has taken shape on trade in services since the mid-1980s. Much of this is inspired by the WTO and regional trade agreements. However, an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of unilateral services sector liberalization. The literature touches on important linkages between trade and FDI in services and the general pattern of productivity growth and economic development. This paper surveys the literature on services trade, focusing on contributions that investigate the determinants of international trade and investment in services, the potential gains from greater trade, and efforts to cooperate to achieve such liberalization through trade agreements. There is increasing evidence that services liberalization is a major potential source of gains in economic performance, including productivity in manufacturing and the coordination of activities both between and within firms. The performance of service sectors, and thus services policies, may also be an important determinant of trade volumes, the distributional effects of trade, and overall patterns of economic growth and development. At the same time, services trade is also a source of increasing political unease about the impacts of globalization on labor markets, linked to worries about offshoring and the potential pressure this places on wages in high income countries.