Compensatory brow asymmetry: Anatomic study and clinical experience

To obtain detailed information about the interdigitation between the frontalis muscle and the orbicularis oculi muscle, the authors performed an anatomic study involving 9 cadavers (17 specimens). Three types of interdigitation were recognized. Complete interdigitation was noted in 13 specimens, and partial interdigitation in 13 specimens. In one specimen, there was no interdigitation between the frontalis muscle and the orbicularis oculi muscle. Although most of the specimens showed complete interdigitation between the frontalis muscle and the orbicularis oculi muscle, the interdigitation area exhibited architectural heterogeneity. The study findings provide a basis for a better understanding of compensatory eyebrow ptosis. In addition, two cases supporting the theory that compensatory eyebrow asymmetry may resolve when the palpebral ptosis is treated are presented

A mixed-type intermesenteric trunk as a major contributor to the ascending, transverse, and descending colons: a case report.

We present a case in which a mixed-type intermesenteric trunk was the major arterial supply for the ascending, transverse, and descending colons

Absence of both stapedius tendon and muscle

During surgery for otosclerosis, it is common for the surgeon to cut the stapedius tendon. The absence of the stapedius muscle with its tendon is uncommon. in this study, we present a case of the absence of the unilateral stapedius tendon and muscle. During dissections of adult temporal bones, the absence of the stapedius tendon and muscle was found in one case. The tympanic cavity was explored with the help of a surgical microscope. The pyramidal process was not developed. A possible ontogenetic explanation was provided. In the presented case, the cause of the anomaly may be failure of the embryological development of the muscle. Awareness of the variations or anomalies of the stapedius muscle and tendon are important for surgeons who operate upon the tympanic cavity, especially during surgery for otosclerosis

Morphometric Properties of the Whitnall's Tubercle and Its Relationship With Neighboring Bony Structures

ABSTRACTObjective: Whitnall’s tubercle is used as an Anatomical landmark in surgical approaches toorbit and periorbital structures. Therefore, in order to increase the success of invasiveprocedures and minimize surgical complications, it was aimed to determine localization ofWhitnall’s tubercle by using some palpable bony landmarks and to reveal its morphologicaland morphometric features.Materials and method: Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Istanbul MedicalFaculty Clinical Research Ethics Committee. 322 zygomatic bones (167 right, 155 left) ofDepartment of Anatomy of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine belonging to adults of unknowngender, were examined to reveal Whitnall’s tubercle and morphological features of thetubercle were identified. An acetate prepared by drawing a clock with a dial and an apparatuson which this acetate was located was used in order to determine localization of Whitnall'stubercle. By means of this acetate, positions of this tubercle relative to marginal tubercle andanterior point of the zygomatic arch were determined. Distances between Whitnall’s tubercleand frontozygomatic suture and lateral margin of orbital rim were measured with a digitalcalipers.Results: Whitnall's tubercle was determined in 284 zygomatic bones, and this tubercle wasabsent in 38 bones. Of determined tubercles, 181 were classified as small, 10 as medium, and93 as large. Position of Whitnall's tubercle according to marginal tubercle was at 8, 9, and 10o'clock on the left, and at 2, 3, and 4 o'clock on the right. Position of the Whitnall's tubercleaccording to anterior point of zygomatic arch was at 9,10 and 11 o'clock on the left, and at 1and 2 o'clock on the right. Distances between Whitnall’s tubercle and lateral margin of orbitalrim and frontozygomatic suture were measured as 1.94±0.31mm and 8.17±5.82mm,respectively.Conclusion: We think that findings obtained regarding Whitnall’s tubercle will contribute toanatomy of the related region and surgical procedures applied to this area.Keywords: lateral canthus; marginal tubercle; zygomatic bone; Whitnall’s tubercle;zygomatic arc

Multivariations of the Left Gastric Artery: A Case Report

The left gastric artery, which is the smallest branch of the coeliac trunk, travels along the lesser curvature of the stomach. During routine abdominal dissections, we encountered multivariations of the left gastric artery in a 65 year old male cadaver. The left gastric artery arose from the coeliac trunk as the first branch, afterwards it divided into two branches. The branch which passed to the right side gave three branches; to the left lobe of the liver (an accessory hepatic artery), to the fundus of the stomach and oesophagus, respectively. The branch which passed to the left side divided into two main trunks. The anterior trunk supplied the fundus and anterior wall of the stomach and the posterior trunk supplied the fundus and the posterior wall of the stomach. Consequently the posterior wall of the stomach was supplied by the posterior trunk instead of the posterior gastric artery of the splenic artery. Knowledge of the different anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the liver and stomach is of great importance in hepatobiliary and gastric surgical procedures. Therefore we believe our case will facilitate clinical aproaches related to this region