Standardization on Purification Processes of Umaththai Seeds: A Comparative Analysis

Standardization of Siddha drugs, herbal formulations and plant materials is the need of the day. Many of them do not have standard identification tests (or) analytical procedures to maintain their consistent quality. Modern methods describing the identification and quantification of Biomark’s in plants may be useful for proper Standardization of herbs. Based on the above reason, the present study is carried out with an aim of to Standardize the purification process on Umaththai seeds (Datura metal ) based on some qualitative and quantitative analysis as per WHO guidelines. Unpurified sample of Umaththai seed (Karu Umaththai ) is collected from the field of reserved forest of Courtalam hills area. The collected seeds separated by removing the unwanted materials. After drying seeds are shade dried for several days. It preserve in the air tight container. Then the drug is purified as per method suggested in Sarakku Suththisei Muraikal study is carried as per prescribed procedure. PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: • In Physico chemical the pH of unpurified Umaththai seeds is 5.10, it is increased to 6 in purified Umaththai seeds. It shows the safety of drug. • Water soluble extract of unpurified Umaththai is 8.49 it is reduced to 2.36 in purified one. It denotes the prolong the duration of a drug action. • Loss of drying of unpurified Umaththai seeds is found 9.27 it is reduced to 9.16 to purified. It is found within acceptable limit. • Water soluble extract of unpurified Umaththai seeds is 13.3% it is reduced to 6.68% in purified one. It denote the prolong the duration of a drug action. • Total ash of unpurified Umaththai is 2.36 it is redused to 1.77 in purified Umaththai . It is denote the Purity of drug. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: Phytochemical screening result shows the Terpenoids, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Coumarin. Fixed oil are present in all extracts of Datura metal seeds. BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: Copper, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Floride, Starch, Alkaloid and amino acids are present in all three samples. HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS IN UMATHTHAI SEEDS: Heavy metal analysis is carried out in Umaththai seeds before and after purification by AAS. It is confirmed that the heavy metals are found to be within normal limits on all samples. AFLOTOXIN: Aflatoxin level are quantitatively measured in purified sample, the result shows the absence of them. INTERPRITATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE: Pesticide residue are quantitatively measured in purified sample, the result shows the Below Limit of Quantification. TLC/ HPTLC ANALYSIS: Chloroform extract of the seeds shows more absorbance as compared to alcohol extract and the seeds purified by using Lemon juice shows more positive results as compare to others. Thus the chloroform extract of lemon juice at 366 and 575 nm shows more absorbance reveals that, the presence of more active compounds. CONCLUSION: This study shows that standardization on purification process of Umaththai seeds (Datura metal seeds) is done with respect to purification process definitely an important role in making a drug to act without causing any side effects or adverse effect. The Datura seeds are toxic owing to the presence of alkaloids hyoscine, scopolamine and atropine. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the HPTLC profiling of purified seeds. The purification of Datura metel seeds is done by the Siddha Process “Suddhi” using Lemon juice (DM II) and butter milk (DM III). Different physiochemical parameters are studied before and after purification. HPTLC results shows that, mother tincture of the chloroform extract of the seeds shows more absorbance as compared to alcohol extract and the seeds purified by using Lemon juice shows more positive results as compare to others. Thus the chloroform extract of lemon juice at 366 and 575 nm shows more absorbance reveals that, the presence of more active compounds. Aim of the purification is to minimize the toxic effect of the drug and enhance the potency and safety of a drug. These findings are strongly confirmed the effectiveness of Siddha purification. This is the reason why Siddhars have said purification is must before going to any preparation. In future, in order to strengthen the purification process, the study has shown a better way and will lead to further research in the same area

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SARCOSTEMMA BREVISTIGMA, WIGHT & ARN.

ABSTRACTObjective: To explore the phytochemical constituents present in Sarcostemma brevistigma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolites was made by following standard procedures. GC-MS analysis of the plantextracts was performed by using GC-MS equipped with a DB-35MS capillary standard non-polar column and gas chromatograph interfaced to a MassSelective Detector (MS-DSQ-II) with Xcalibur software.Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, aminoacids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, and coumarin. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the ethanolic extract of aerial partof Sarcostemma brevistigma. The most prevailing compound was 14,17 bis(dimethylaminoamino)[3.3]paracyclophan-5,8-diacetonitrile (14.86%).Conclusion: The study concludes that the species Sarcostemma brevistigma is a potential source for bioactive compounds such as esters, alkanes,alcohols, alkenes, amide, amine, phenol, ketone, and so forth. This study justifies the traditional usage of this species.Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Sarcostemma brevistigma, Phytochemical compounds, Medicinal plants

Successful treatment of clear cell carcinoma of ovary during pregnancy: a case report

The incidence of malignant ovarian tumor is rare during pregnancy. Most women hope to maintain the pregnancy and preserve fertility thus increasing the need for standard guidelines regarding surgery and chemotherapy for safe oncologic and fetal outcomes. Here we present a 30-years-old primigravida, diagnosed with bilateral ovarian mass during routine ultrasound imaging at 8 weeks of gestation. CA125 was 14.2 U/ml. MRI pelvis taken at 13 weeks showed bilateral complex cystic masses with internal septations. The patient underwent bilateral salphingo-oopherectomy and infracolic omentectomy during 18th week of gestation, the histopathology showing clear cell carcinoma with capsular invasion and microscopic omental deposit thus staged as IIIA. She was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy comprising of paclitaxel and carboplatin during the 21st week along with serial ultrasounds for fetal monitoring. After 5 cycles, at 37 weeks of gestation, she was taken up for elective LSCS followed by completion of surgery for ovarian malignancy, that is, hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadectomy. Endometrium showed gestational changes with all lymph nodes being negative for tumor deposits. A healthy male child weighing 3.4 kg was delivered. She was given 6th cycle of chemotherapy post-surgery and two years later, mother and baby are doing well and on regular follow up. Thus, the successful treatment of clear cell ovarian carcinoma in this woman with safe pregnancy outcomes can be attributed to timely diagnosis and feasibility of surgery and chemotherapy during second trimester

UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF SARCOSTEMMA BREVISTIGMA, WIGHT. AND ARN

Objective:  The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in aerial parts of ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma using UV-VIS and FTIR.Methods:  FTIR spectroscopy is an established timeâ€saving method to characterize and identify functional groups.Results:  The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 200â€1044 nm with different absorption respectively. UV-VIS profile showed the peaks at 254.00 and 680.00 nm for flavonoid. FTIR spectra showed the peak at 3418.85 cm-1 for N-H group. FTIR analysis and UV-VIS analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and a phenolic compound. The FTIR spectra had amply evidenced the occurrence of OH group together with the Terpenoids, and Phenol. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of an amine (N-H), alkyl (C-H), nitrile (C≡N), halo formyl (C=O), alkenyl (C=C), hydroxyl (O-H), haloalkane (C-F), nitrates and carbonate compounds.Conclusion:  The results confirm the fact that this plant posse's important bioactive constituent, so further scientific investigation is needed

A profile of cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from molar pregnancy to malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). GTN are highly chemo-sensitive tumours which are treated as per FIGO risk stratification. The rarity of the disease limits the evidence regarding the disease to case series and reports. The objective of this study was to study incidence, baseline characteristics of patients and clinical outcome of GTN patients treated at this centre.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on medical records of patients of GTD who were registered in department of medical oncology, from January 2015 to December 2018 (4 years). GTN was diagnosed based on serum beta HCG values. Their baseline characteristics, risk score, serum β HCG levels, and treatment regimens were investigated. The incidence of GTD and response to treatment were analysed.Results: Out of 211 GTD patients, 56 developed GTN. The incidence was 3.4 per 10000 deliveries. Low risk cases (n=38) were treated with methotrexate and actinomycin in first line while high risk cases received EMACO and EP followed by EMACO as the first line. A cure rate of 100% for low risk cases and 94.4% (n=17) for high risk cases were recorded. Resistance to MTX was 32.3% while EMACO was resistant in 46.6% as first line. Neutropenia and alopecia were the most common treatment related adverse events. Predictors of resistance to single agent in low risk GTN include higher pre-treatment βHCG values and higher risk scores.Conclusions: GTN exemplifies a rare, highly aggressive but curable malignancy. Serum βHCG is the most reliable diagnostic as well as prognostic marker in management of GTD. EMACO is the preferred regimen for high risk GTN. FIGO staging and risk stratification help in individualizing the treatment to ensure maximum response to therapy thus making GTN a curable malignancy

Mathematical modeling and kinematic analysis of 5 degrees of freedom serial link manipulator for online real-time pick and place applications

Modeling and kinematic analysis are crucial jobs in robotics that entail identifying the position of the robot’s joints in order to accomplish particular tasks. This article uses an algebraic approach to model the kinematics of a serial link, 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) manipulator. The analytical method is compared to an optimization strategy known as sequential least squares programming (SLSQP). Using an Intel RealSense 3D camera, the colored object is picked up and placed using vision-based technology, and the pixel location of the object is translated into robot coordinates. The LOBOT LX15D serial bus servo controller was used to transmit these coordinates to the robotic arm. Python3 programming language was used throughout the entire analysis. The findings demonstrated that both analytical and optimized inverse kinematic solutions correctly identified colored objects and positioned them in their appropriate goal points

Secure Digital Information Forward Using Highly Developed AES Techniques in Cloud Computing

Nowadays, in communications, the main criteria are ensuring the digital information and communication in the network. The normal two users' communication exchanges confidential data and files via the web. Secure data communication is the most crucial problem for message transmission networks. To resolve this problem, cryptography uses mathematical encryption and decryption data on adaptation by converting data from a key into an unreadable format. Cryptography provides a method for performing the transmission of confidential or secure communication. The proposed AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)-based Padding Key Encryption (PKE) algorithm encrypts the Data; it generates the secret key in an unreadable format. The receiver decrypts the data using the private key in a readable format. In the proposed PKE algorithm, the sender sends data into plain Text to cypher-text using a secret key to the authorized person; the unauthorized person cannot access the data through the Internet; only an authorized person can view the data through the private key. A method for identifying user groups was developed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used in user behaviour analysis to estimate probability densities so that each user could be predicted to launch applications and sessions independently. The results of the proposed simulation offer a high level of security for transmitting sensitive data or files to recipients compared to other previous methods and user behaviour analysis

Single tertiary care centre experience of ovarian granulosa cell tumour in Chennai, India: a retrospective analysis

Background: Granulosa cell tumours of ovary are rare sex-cord stromal tumours characterized by long natural history and favourable prognosis. The present study was done to evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors for patients diagnosed as granulosa cell tumours.Methods: A Retrospective study of Granulosa cell tumour of the ovary was done for a period of five years from January 2011 to December 2015 at a tertiary care centre, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. The clinical data and the treatment details were retrieved from the records of medical oncology department and the data were analysed.Results: Twenty five patients were diagnosed as granulose cell tumours of ovary during the study period. The median patient age was 48 years. The most common clinical presentation at diagnosis was vaginal bleeding (76%) followed by abdominal pain (40%). Mean tumor size was 9.6cm. The majority of patients were diagnosed in FIGO stage Ia (84%, n = 21). Thirteen patients (52%) underwent complete staging laparotomy. Twenty three patients (92%) had Adult Granulosa cell tumour. Two patients (8%)had juvenile Granulosa cell tumour. After surgery, all patients were put on observation except two patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (EP: Etoposide, Cisplatin). The median followup period was 48 months. Five patients (20%) had recurrence; The average time to relapse was 29.6 months. Patients who had tumour size more than 9.7cm had more recurrence events (Hazard Ratio(HR):1.058), but their association is not significant (P value-0.839). The association between menopausal status, torsion of tumour mass, tumour stage with recurrence rate were not significant. The estimated mean overall survival was 84.8 months. Following univariate Cox regression modeling, survival appeared to be independent of age range, post operative residual tumour and the FIGO stage.Conclusions: Granulosa cell tumours of ovary are rare, often diagnosed in early stage. Patients who had tumour size of more than 9.7cm had more recurrence events. A prolonged post therapeutic follow-up is necessary to pick up the late relapses