Influence of coated tool electrode on drilling Inconel alloy 718 in Electrochemical micro machining

Since Inconel-718 alloy is high hardened material, it is very difficult to machine the alloy with complex shape using conventional machining process. In the present study, an endeavor has been made to drill the Inconel alloy 718 in micro level using electro chemical machining processes. It has been attempted to find the influence of coatings over copper tool electrode on performance criteria for enhancing the ECM process. From the experimental results, it has been observed that nickel coated copper electrode has produced 7.2% higher material removal whereas chromium coated electrode has produced 19% lower surface roughness over machined alloy specimens. (c) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Multi performance optimization of electrochemical micro-machining process surface related parameters on machining Inconel 718 using Taguchi-grey relational analysis

Due to several merits such as higher machining rate and high machining accuracy, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is used to machine high strength materials with complex shapes. In this experimental investigation, Inconel 718 specimens have been machined with brass electrode of 500 pm diameter using ECMM. Since electrochemical micromachining involves many responses, Taguchi method along cannot give to find out unique optimum parameter combination of the ECMM process. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present study to identify the optimum combination of process parameter using grey relational analysis with Taguchi method. The experimental investigation of the process has been conducted with input process parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, micro-tool feed rate and duty ratio on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) and overcut (OC) with different process level using two electrolytes such as sodium chloride (NaCI) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3). From the experimental results, it has been found that micro-tool feed rate is most influencing nature parameter for NaCI and applied voltage is most influencing nature parameter for NaNO3 in ECMM process

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB) PLANCH

Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch has been used from long time in traditional medicine. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. The antioxidant activity of petroleum ether and methanolic extract of Holoptelea integrifolia (HI) leaves was evaluated using Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Reduction Capability models. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of the petroleum ether extract (PEHI) of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves reveals the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, and carbohydrate while methanolic extract (MHI) of Holoptelea integrifolia showed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins and carbohydrates. In case of Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity both the HI extracts showed dose dependant increase in percent inhibition i. e. hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and thereby showed antioxidant activity however PEHI is more potent than MHI in this regard, while in case of Total Reduction Capability both the HI extracts have shown dose dependent increase in absorbance thereby dose dependant total reduction capacity indicating antioxidant activity. Further trend suggest that PEHI has more potent antioxidant potential than that of MHI. The results indicate that petroleum ether and methanol extracts contained such phytochemial compounds which are active in case of antioxidant activity using Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Reduction Capability. Which support the ethnomedicinal application of the plant as an antioxidant agent. Keywords: Holoptelea integrifoila leaves, Antioxidant, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Reduction Capability.Â&nbsp

Characterization of Hybrid Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide Nanoparticles-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites

AbstractHybrid nanocomposites based on aluminum alloy 6061 reinforced with different hybrid ratios of SiC (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol. %) and B4C (fixed 0.5 vol. %) nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using ultrasonic cavitation based solidification process. The fabricated cast specimens were characterized using SEM study with EDS analysis, hardness test, tension test and impact test. The results indicate that, by the ultrasonic cavitation effects namely transient cavitation and acoustic streaming, the nano reinforcements were successfully incorporated in the aluminum matrix. SEM study with EDS validates the presence of SiC and B4C nanoparticles in the aluminum matrix. Compared to the un-reinforced alloy, the room temperature hardness and tensile strength of the hybrid composites increased quite significantly while the ductility and impact strength reduced marginally. The combination of 1.0 volume percentage SiC and 0.5 volume percentage B4C gives the superior tensile strength. The major reason for an increase in the room-temperature mechanical properties of the hybrid composites should be attributed to the larger hybrid ratio of SiC and B4C nanoparticles, the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between matrix and hybrid reinforcements and the dispersive strengthening effects

Probiotic properties of the riboflavin producing Lactobacillus fermentum strain isolated from yoghurt sample

The probiotic properties of the riboflavin producing lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 8711 were evaluated. The strain was resistant to the acidic environment with the pH of 3.5 and more than 100% survivability of the cells was observed after 4 h. Similarly, 85% survivability was observed in the presence of 0.3% (w/v) bile salts. The strain exhibited β- galactosidase activity by blue colored colony formation in the MRS agar plates with X-gal and IPTG. Further, it was found to be a medium acidifier with a DpH value of 0.96 after 5 h of growth. The strain was also able to reduce the cholesterol up to 50% in the presence of cholesterol and bile salts. Since the strain possesses the basic properties of the probiotics and produces riboflavin, it could be considered as a better starter culture in the fermented food industry. Probiotic properties of the riboflavin producing Lactobacillus fermentum strain isolated from yoghurt sampleS. Jayashree*, K. Jayaraman and G. KalaichelvanSchool of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India*Corresponding Author, Email:  [email protected]; Phone- 91-416-220- 2901; Fax- 91-416-224-3092Cite This Article as: S. Jayashree, K. Jayaraman and G. Kalaichelvan. 2010. Probiotic properties of the riboflavin producing Lactobacillus fermentum strain isolated from yoghurt sample. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(2): 11-16.ÂÂ

Anti-ulcer (ulcer-preventive) activity of ficus arnottiana miq. (moraceae) leaf methanolic extract

Problem statement: In spite of being one of the well-known medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medicine to treat several ailments, studies pertaining to the pharmacological properties of Ficus arnottiana are very scarce. We studied the anti-ulcer activity and acute toxicity of Ficus arnottiana leaf methanolic extract for the first time. Approach: Freshly collected F. arnottiana leaves were dried, powdered and extracted in methanol. To study the anti-ulcer activity, Wistar rats were orally administered with different doses of the extract (0, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 body weight day-1) or with the reference drug omeprazole (8 mg kg-1) for 10 days. After induction of ulcer using 5 mL kg-1 ethanol, stomachs of these animals were analyzed for gastric volume, ulcer area and gross pathological changes. Results: Our results showed that F. arnottiana methanolic extract could prevent ulcer in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed that the extract had mucoprotective activity. The extract did not show any acute toxicity even at the dose of 5000 mg kg-1 indicating that the extract has no lethal effect. Preliminary phytochemical screening of this extract identified the presence of important secondary metabolites like flavonoids and tannins. Conclusion/Recommendations: From this study, it is clear that F. arnottiana leaf extract had significant anti-ulcer activity in animal models. It had muco-protective activity and gastric antisecretary activity. The extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations.(undefined

DESIGNING OF ANTI-CANCEROUS HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS THROUGH MIMICKING OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERFACES

Objective: The objective of the study was to come up with of the small molecular modulators that inhibit protein – protein interfaces or interaction site in HDAC complexes. The main focus is on the mimicking or forming of tiny molecule wherever by inhibiting the protein-protein interactions in specifically HDAC protein complexes.  Methods: By mimicking of the interface of the protein interaction site like SIN3A-SMRT complex as well as SIN3A-NcoR complexes. Results: Totally 10 molecular structures were designed through molecular docking with HDAC2 PDB Id 3MAX and were downloaded from protein data bank. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that before synthesis and biochemical testing of new lead and its analogs; one can use molecular modeling based methods for qualitative assessment

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW PHYTOSTEROL FROM HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB) PLANCH LEAVES

Objective: The Plant Holoptelea Intergrifolia (Roxb.) Planch is being used for the treatment of various disorders since time immemorial in the indigenous system of medicine in India. The main objective of the work was to isolate a new phytosterol from petroleum ether extract of Holoptelea  Integrifolia leaves using Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Methods: As per ICH guidelines we have Prepared Thin Layer Chromatographic plates for separation of a new phytosterol from Petroleum  ether extract of leaves of Holoptelea  Intergrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. The mobile phase used for separation of phytosterol consisted ofChloroform: Ethyl acetate, in the volume ratio of 4:6 (v/v), UV, LC/MS, IR and NMR spectral analytical techniques were used for identification and confirmation of structure of a new Phytosterol by Preparative TLC. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether extract of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, proteins, tannins and carbohydrates. The isolated phytosterol designated as17-(6-(diethylamino) decan-3-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-12,13-dihydro-10H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-ol. It responded positively to Liebermann Burchard test indicating steroidal nature of the molecule. Conclusion: On the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions, the structure of a new phytosterol isolated by preparative TLC from petroleum ether extract of leaves of Holoptelea Integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch has been formulated by UV, LC/MS, IR and NMR spectral analysis as 17-(6-(diethylamino) decan-3-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-12,13-dihydro-10H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-ol This is a new phytosterol isolated from plant source and being reported for the first time

Electricity generation from bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium using microbial fuel cell -an alternative source of energy and its use application

Abstract Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacteria to generate electricity from organic matter. In this study, the sewage waste was screened for pure cultures. Among the 10 isolated pure cultures, 2 showed best results (Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium GP1). These were used in immobilized form as well to measure their electrochemical potential. These organisms are capable of transferring electrons to the anodic electrode of an MFC to generate an electric current. Further insights in to the anode reduction by these bio-film forming bacteria were gained through voltmeter. The redox, metabolites produced which varies with the different concentrations of ammonium and nitrogen sources was optimized. The power output was measured and compared among the organisms. 16s rRNA sequencing was done for the best strain after comparison. The bio-film formed on the anode for studied using scanning electron microscope

Decolorization of textile dyes and their effluents using white rot fungi

Reactive dyes are important chemical pollutants from textile industries .The two species of white rot fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorize Blue CA, Black B133, Corazol Violet SR. Trametes hirsutaand Pleurotus florida displayed the greatest extent of decolorization. Laccase is the ligneolytic enzyme from these fungi. The laccase activity was measured using both solid and aqueous state assays. The dyeabsorption ability of the mycelium was studied using appropriate medium containing dyes at the concentration of 75 mg/l. The effective decolorization of Blue CA and Corazol Violet SR dyes by bothmicroorganisms were observed in the fifth day of incubation. Further decolorization activity was verified using various concentrations of dyes such as 25, 50 and 75 mg/l. Maximum decolorization was observedin Blue CA and Corazol Violet SR dyes. The effluent from the dye house was treated using both organisms with different concentration of glucose (1 and 2%). Effective decolourization was found to be more by the Pleurotus florida in 2% glucose