Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Setelah Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4)

: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a traditional plant, which is known to treat liver disease. The effect of moringa is related to the antioxidant activity of its compounds such as quercetin and flavonoid silymarin which are useful as liver protector. Carbon tetraclorida is a hepatotoxic substance that is usually used as an inducer of liver damage in studies related to hepatoprotector activity of a substance. This study aimed to describe liver histopathological features of Wistar rats fed with moringa leaf extract after CCl4 induction. This was an experimental study using 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 4 groups. Group A, the negative control, was terminated at day 6th, and the other groups (B, C, and D) were induced with CCl4 0.05 cc/day for 5 days. After CCl4 induction, group B were terminated at day 6th; group C was treated with moringa leaf extract 100 mg/day for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th; group D received no treatment for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th. The results showed that groups induced with CCl4 for 5 days showed the presence of inflammatory cells and fatty cells. The groups treated with moringa leaf extract 100mg/day for 5 days after CCl4 induction 0.05 cc/day exhibited regeneration of liver cells in nearly all lobules. Conclusion: Administration of moringa leaf extract of 100mg/day could accelerate liver cell regeneration of Wistar rats after induction of CCl4 0.05cc/day

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga) Terhadap Gambaran Histologik Payudara Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Benzo(a)pyrene

: Galangal (Alpinia galanga) is one of the plants that is often used for cancer therapy. Galangal contains different active ingredients, one of which is 1 'acetoxy chavicol acetate (ACA) which serves as an anticancer through its action as an anti-inflammatory agent, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. Benzo(a)pyrenes (BAP) are five-ringed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic organic compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of galangal extract on histological features of mice's breast induced by benzo(a)pyrene. This was an experimental laboratory study using mice as experimental animals. Subjects were 15 mice, divided into negative control group (5 mice) and two treatment groups (5 mice each). All mice were fed with standard pellet throughout the experiment. Mice in group A (negative control) received no treatment; mice in group B were administered with benzo(a)pyrene for 14 days then were given no treatment for the next 14 days; and mice in group C were induced by benzo(a)pyrene and were given galangal extract for 14 days then were given no treatment for the next 14 days. The result of this study revealed changes in mice breast histological features in the form of hyperplasia of cuboid epithelial cells of lactiferous ducts in group B and C, however the manifestation in group C was less pronounced than that was seen in group B. Conclusion: Oral administration of galangal extract subcutaneously was able to inhibit the cuboidal ductal lactiferious epithelial cell hyperplasia of mice breast induced by benzo(a)pyrene

Gambaran Histopatologik Mukosa Laring Tikus Wistar Yang Dipapar Asap Rokok, Obat Nyamuk Bakar, Dan Kendaraan Bermotor

: Air polution is a condition where the air is contaminated with chemicals, particles/matters and other biological substances such as cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke, and exhaust gas. Cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke and exhaust gas contain substances that can cause inflammation, hyperresponsivity, obstruction, and metaplasia of the respiratory tract. This study aimed to compare the exposure effect of cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke, and exhaust gas on the histopathological features of Wistar rat larynx. This was an experimental laboratory study. Subjects were 20 rats divided into 4 groups; Group I, the negative control group, and 3 treatment groups (Group II, III, and IV). Group II was exposed by cigarette smoke, group III was exposed by mosquito coil smoke, and group IV was exposed by exhaust gas. Subjects were put in a modified exposure cage in according with the treatment groups and were exposed for 2 hours per day for 30 days. The results showed that inflammatory cells were found the most in group 4, meanwhile in group II were the least. Metaplasia occured the most in group II, menwhile group III and IV had similar results. In general, group IV showed the worst pathological reaction, followed by group III and group II. Conclusion: Histopathological feature of larynx of wistar rat exposed by exhaust gas showed the worst histopathological changes, followed by mosquito coil smoke exposure group and cigarette smoke group

Gambaran Histopatologi Lambung Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Cabe Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens)

Background: Capsaicin is one of the active substantial that can be found in Chili pepper and one of the irritant for mammal that causing the burning sensation. The discomfort sensation in the gastric by capsaicin can be caused because the Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 that can be found in gastric is stimulated.Objective: To demonstrate the gastric that was administered with Chili pepper.Method: The study conducted on Integrated Research Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University Manado from October 2012 to January 2013. The study used 17 wistars, which divided to 5 groups and last to 7 days. This study was using Chili pepper in 45mg, 90mg, 135mg, and 180mg to study the histological changes of wistar rat's gastric.Results: The result showed that the administration of 180mg dose of Chili pepper did not cause a meaningful damage. The administration in 90mg of Chili pepper did cause a great damage with many inflammation signs occurring.Conclusions: The administration of Chili pepper in little to moderate dose causing a greater damage than the administration of Chili pepper in high dose

Pengaruh Pemberian Getah Bonggol Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Sapientum L. Kuntze. AAB) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Pada Kulit Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

: Wound healing can be assisted by modern and traditional medicine. Banana stem sap is often used as a herbal remedy for wounds. The sap of banana stem contains saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, quinone, lectin, and tannins that are expected to promote wound healing. This study was aimed to determine the effect of banana stem sap on incised wound of the skin of Wistar rats. This was an experimental laboratory study. A total of 21 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this study; one was used to obtain a normal skin sample, and the others were divided into control groups (A1 and B1) and treated groups (A2 and B2), five rats in each group. A 1-cm-skin incision was made on the back of each rat in all groups. The wounds of group A1 and B1 were untreated. In group A2 and B2, the wounds were applied with 0,5 ml of banana stem sap (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L. Kuntze. AAB) twice a day. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the wounds were performed on day-5 (group A1 and A2) and day-14 (group B1 and B2). The results showed that, either macroscopically (wound area and crusting) or microscopically (crust, reepithelization, angiogenesis, proliferation of fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells), group A2 and B2 exhibited better wound healing compared with group A1 and B1. Conclusion: Better wound healing process in Wistar rats treated with banana stem sap on their insiced wounds compared to those that were untreated indicates that banana stem sap play distinct roles in promoting wound healing

Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diberi Sari Buah Nenas (Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr) Setelah Induksi Asam Mefenamat

: Inflammation of the stomach can be caused by various factors, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs such as mefenamic acid. Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) merr) is a herbal remedy used to treat gastritis. Pineapple contains several nutrients such as vitamin C and bromelain enzyme that are efficacious as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aimed to determine histopathological features of the gastric of wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given pineapple juice after induction of mefenamic acid. This was an experimental study using 20 wistar rats divided into four groups; each group consisted of five rats. Group I (negative control) was given no treatment. Group II was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days. Group III was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days then was given no treatment during the next seven days. Group IV was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days then was administered with pineapple juice over the next seven days. Rats in group I and II were terminated on day-8 while those in groups III and IV were terminated on day-15. The results showed that the gastric tissue of rats in group IV had less inflammatory cells but more regenerating cells than those in group II and III. Conclusion: Histopathological features of the gaster of wistar rats treated with pineapple juice after the induction of mefenamic acid showed milder signs of acute gastritis and more prominent of cell regeneration/tissue recovery than those given no pineapple juice

Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Minuman Kopi Pasca Induksi Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4)

: Liver is the central of body metabolism and therefore is the major organ that suffers the most when subjected to free radicals and toxins, e.g carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). One of the herbal plants that is useful for treating liver damage is coffee. Coffee beans contains chlorogenic acid, an antioxidant, that can prevent liver damage. This study aimed to obtain a histopathological features of the liver of Wistar rats administered with coffee after induced with CCl4. This was a laboratory experimental study. Samples were 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into four groups. Rats in group 1 were the negative control. Rats in group 2 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days. Rats in group 3 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days, followed by coffee administration 1 ml/day for 7 days. Rats in group 4 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days then were given no treatment for 7 days. Termination was done on day 6 (group 1 and 2) and day 13 (group 3 and 4). The results showed that rats in group 2 histophatologically showed fatty liver formation and inflammation. Rats in group 3 were the same as group 4 in the terms showed regeneration of hepatocytes. Conclusion: Administration of coffe 1 ml/day (single dose) for seven days after induction with CCl4 for five days showed regeneration of hepatocytes which was similar to that in physiological condition

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberikan Parasetamol Dosis Toksik

: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains eugenol, a phenolic compound, which has been suggested to possess antioxidant activity. This compound is suspected to be able to minimize damage to the liver cells caused by drugs such as paracetamol. This study aimed to observe the effects of clove leaf extract on histopathological features of Wistar rat liver tissue induced with toxic doses of paracetamol. This was an experimental laboratory study. Subjects were 24 male Wistar rats. The dose of clove leaf extract was 200 mg/day (single dose) and of paracetamol 50 mg/day (single dose) orally. Group A (negative control) was given no treatment for 14 days. Group B was given paracetamol for 14 days. Group C was given clove leaf extract for 7 days and then added with paracetamol for 7 days. Group D was given clove leaf extract and paracetamol simultaneously for 14 days. Group A showed normal histological feature of liver cells. Group B showed liver cell damage induced by paracetamol. Group C showed regeneration of liver cells, but there were still some necrosis and fatty liver cells. Group D showed regeneration of liver cells meanwhile cell necrosis was hardly found. Conclusion: Clove leaf extract could improve the histopathological changes of liver tissues of Wistar rats due to administration of paracetamol at toxic dose. This improvement was manifested as better regeneration of liver cells than that of rats not treated with clover leaf extract

Gambaran Histopalogik Payudara Mencit (Mus Muscullus) Yang Diinduksi Dengan Senyawa Karsinogenik Benzo(α)pyrene Dan Diberikan Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L)

: Breast cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers in women worldwide. Its etiology is still unknown, however, there are several risk factors considered as the primary contributors to the occurrence of breast cancer including life style, reproduction, genetic mutation, and hormonal inbalance. Benzo(α)pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound (PAH), is known as a carcinogenic agent that can cause genetic mutations. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L) can be used as a natural medicine because it contains active compounds such as anti-microbial (antrhaquinone), anti-cancer (damnacanthal), proxeronin, alkaloids, minerals, vitamins, and some essential amino acids. This study aimed to determine the differences between the histopathologic features of the breasts of female mice administered and not administered with noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) after induction with benzo(α)pyren. This was an experimental study. There were 16 female mice approximately ± 2 months old with body weight approximately 20 gr divided into 4 groups: 1) Negative control, without any treatment for 28 days and mice were terminated on day 29. (2) Treatment I, breasts were injected with benzo(α)pyrene 0.3 mg/head/day subcutaneously for 14 days and mice were terminated on day 29; 3) Treatment II, breasts were injected with benzo(α)pyrene 0,3 mg/head/day subcutaneously for 14 days and mice were administered with noni fruit extract 0.5 mg/head/day on days 15-35 and mice were terminated on day 36; and 4) Treatment III, breasts were injected with benzo(α)pyrene 0,3 mg/head/day subcutaneously for 14 days and mice were administered with noni fruit extract 1.5 mg/head/day on day 15-35 and then were terminated on day 36. The results showed that the negative control group showed normal microscopic features of breast tissues. Treatment I group presented hyperplasia of the columnar epithelial cells lining the lactiferous ducts (> 4 layers) as well as cells with coarse nucleus chromatin and inflammatory cells. Treatment II and treatment III groups still presented hyperplasia of the columnar epithelial cells in milder manifestation than that of treatment I group (4 layers) while those of the mice administered with noni fruit extract after being induced with benzo(α)pyrene showed milder hyperplasia of the columnar epithelial cells (<4 layers)