Fault diagnosis of industrial robot based on dual-module attention convolutional neural network

Fault diagnosis plays a vital role in assessing the health management of industrial robots and improving maintenance schedules. In recent decades, artificial intelligence-based data-driven approaches have made significant progress in machine fault diagnosis using monitoring data. However, current methods pay less attention to correlations and internal differences in monitoring data, resulting in limited diagnostic performance. In this paper, a data-driven method is proposed for the fault diagnosis of industrial robot reducers, that is, a dual-module attention convolutional neural network (DMA-CNN). This method aims to diagnose the fault state of industrial robot reducer. It establishes two parallel convolutional neural networks with two different attentions to capture the different features related to the fault. Finally, the features are fused to obtain the fault diagnosis results (normal or abnormal). The fault diagnosis effect of the DMA-CNN method and other attention models are compared and analyzed. The effectiveness of the method is verified on a dataset of real industrial robots

Diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling differentially causes autism-like behavioral deficits in male and female mice

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with strong genetic heterogeneity and more prevalent in males than females. Recent human genetic studies have identified multiple high-risk genes for ASD, which produce similar phenotypes, indicating that diverse genetic factors converge to common molecular pathways. We and others have hypothesized that activity-dependent neural signaling is a convergent molecular pathway dysregulated in ASD. However, the causal link between diminished activity-dependent neural signaling and ASD remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule mediating activity-dependent neural signaling. We therefore hypothesize that diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling could confer autism-like behavioral deficits. Here, we investigated the effect of diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling on autism-like behavioral deficits by using mice with genetic knock-in of a human BDNF methionine (Met) allele, which has decreased activity-dependent BDNF release without altering basal BDNF level. Compared with wild-type (WT) controls, diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling similarly induced anxiety-like behaviors in male and female mice. Notably, diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling differentially resulted in autism-like social deficits and increased self-grooming in male and female mice, and male mice were more severe than female mice. Again, sexually dimorphic spatial memory deficits were observed in female BDNF+/Met mice, but not in male BDNF+/Met mice. Our study not only reveals a causal link between diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling and ASD-like behavioral deficits, but also identifies previously underappreciated sex-specific effect of diminished activity-dependent BDNF signaling in ASD. These mice with genetic knock-in of the human BDNF Met variant provide a distinct mouse model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diminished activity-dependent neural signaling, the common molecular pathway dysregulated in ASD

CYP2C19 genotype and platelet aggregation test-guided dual antiplatelet therapy after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB). Clopidogrel is less effective among patients with loss-of-function (LoF) of CYP2C19 alleles, while ticagrelor has direct effects on P2Y12 receptor. Whether a CYP2C19 genotype plus platelet aggregation test (PAgT)-guided DAPT after CABG could improve clinical outcomes remain uncertain.Materials and methodsFrom August 2019 to December 2020, 1,134 consecutive patients who underwent OPCAB received DAPT for 1 year after surgery in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. According to the actual treatment they received in real-world, 382 (33.7%) of them received a traditional DAPT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd, no matter the CYP2C19 genotype and response in platelet aggregation test (PAgT). The other 752 (66.3%) patients received an individual DAPT based on CYP2C19 genotype and PAgT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd if CYP2C19 was extensive metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but normal response in PAgT; aspirin 100 mg qd + ticagrelor 90 mg bid if CYP2C19 was poor metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but no or low response in PAgT. One-year follow-up was achieved for all patients. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The safety outcome was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) criteria major bleeding.ResultsCompared with the traditional DAPT group, the risk of MACE in the individual DAPT group was significantly lower (5.5 vs. 9.2%, HR 0.583; 95% CI, 0.371–0.915; P = 0.019), mainly due to the decreased risk of MI (1.7 vs. 4.2%, HR 0.407; 95% CI, 0.196–0.846; P = 0.016). The risk of TIMI major bleeding events was similar between the two groups (5.3 vs. 6.0%, RR 0.883; 95% CI, 0.537–1.453; P = 0.626).ConclusionFor patients who underwent OPCAB, individual DAPT (CYP2C19 genotype plus PAgT-guided strategy) was associated with a lower risk of MACE and a similar risk of major bleeding

Preparation and Characterization of High Mechanical Strength Chitosan/Oxidized Tannic Acid Composite Film with Schiff Base and Hydrogen Bond Crosslinking

Chitosan-based composite films with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability are extensively employed in the field of food packaging. In this study, novel chitosan/tannic acid (CTA) and chitosan/oxidized tannic acid (COTA) composite films with excellent mechanical and antibacterial properties were prepared using a tape casting method. The results showed that, when 20% tannic acid (TA) was added, the tensile strength of the CTA composite film was 80.7 MPa, which was 89.4% higher than that of the pure chitosan (CS) film. TA was oxidized to oxidized tannic acid (OTA) with laccase, and the phenolic hydroxyl groups were oxidized to an o-quinone structure. With the addition of OTA, a Schiff base reaction between the OTA and CS occurred, and a dual network structure consisting of a chemical bond and hydrogen bond was constructed, which further improved the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of 3% COTA composite film was increased by 97.2% compared to that of pure CS film. Furthermore, these CTA films with significant antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) are likely to find uses in food packaging applications

Contrasting variations of ecosystem gross primary productivity during flash droughts caused by competing water demand and supply

Flash drought events (FDEs) are projected to increase frequently in a warming world, significantly impacting ecosystem productivity and the global carbon cycle. The development of FDEs, induced by anomalies in different environmental variables, may cause different responses to the ecosystem’s gross primary productivity (GPP). However, the GPP variations and underlying mechanisms during the FDEs have rarely been quantified. This study collected long-term (>10 years) high-quality flux observations from the FLUXNET 2015 dataset to investigate GPP variations and their driving mechanisms during FDEs. Results showed that all vegetation types have two contrasting GPP variations during FDEs. One variation is a decreasing then increasing standardized GPP anomaly (V-shape response). The other shows an increase followed by decreasing standardized GPP anomaly (inverted V-shape response). The V-shape GPP response to FDEs was induced by increased soil water content deficit at the onset stage of FDEs. In contrast, the inverted V-shape GPP response to FDEs was induced by increased net radiation at the onset of FDEs. Such results indicated competing moisture supply and atmospheric moisture demand at the onset of FDEs, controlling the two contrasting ecosystem’s carbon responses with its development. Moreover, the contribution of water use efficiency to the magnitude of the V-shape GPP response (64.5 ± 22.4%) is greater than that to the inverted V-shape GPP response (47.6 ± 18.7%). This study identified the two contrasting types of GPP variations during FDEs and their driving mechanisms across multiple ecosystem types which can improve our ability to predict the future effects of more frequent FDEs on ecosystem productivity

Land surface models significantly underestimate the impact of land-use changes on global evapotranspiration

Despite numerous assessments of the impact of land-use change (LUC) on terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) that have been conducted using land surface models (LSMs), no attempts have been made to evaluate their performance in this regard globally. Errors in simulating LUC impacts on ET largely stem from LUC data interpretation (LI, i.e. mapping of gridded LUC data into annual plant function types) and model structure (MS, i.e. parameterization of land-surface processes). The objective of this study was to benchmark ET estimates from four LSMs using the Zhang-curve, a prototype of the Budyko framework that has been validated against global hydrological observations and used widely to quantify the impacts of LUC on ET. A framework was further proposed to quantify and attribute errors in estimated ET changes induced by LI or MS. Results showed that all LSMs underestimated ET changes by about 55%–78%, and 37%–48% of the error was attributable to LI, but only 11%–32% of the error was attributable to MS across the four LSMs. From a hydrological perspective, our analysis provided insights about the errors in estimated impacts of LUC on ET by LSMs. The results demonstrated that LUC data interpretation accounted for a larger fraction of errors than LSM structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the defining and development of consistent protocols for interpreting global LUC data for future assessments

Radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults due to pneumococcal vaccine serotypes in Sweden, 2016–2018—The ECAPS study

Objectives: In Sweden, pneumococcal serotype distribution in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and potential coverage of currently licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is unknown. Methods: During 2016–2018, patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiologically confirmed (RAD+) CAP were enrolled at Skåne University Hospital in a study on the etiology of CAP in Sweden (ECAPS). Urine samples and blood cultures were collected per-protocol. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) culture isolates were serotyped and urine samples tested for the pan-pneumococcal urinary antigen (PUAT) and multiplex urine antigen detection (UAD) assay, detecting 24 serotypes. Results: Analyses included 518 participants with RAD+CAP; 67.4% were ≥65 years of age, 73.4% were either immunocompromised or had an underlying chronic medical condition. The proportion of CAP due to Spn identified by any method was 24.3% of which 9.3% was detected by UAD alone. The most frequently identified serotypes were 3 (26 cases, 5.0% of all CAP), and 8, 11A and 19A (10 cases each, 1.9%). In individuals aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively, PCV20 serotypes contributed to 35 of 169 (20.7%) and 53 of 349 cases of all CAP (15.2%), and PCV13 serotypes caused 21 of 169 (12.4%) and 35 of 349 (10.0%) cases. PCV15 coverage was 23 of 169 (13.6%) and 42 of 349 (12.0%) in individuals aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively. Overall, PCV20 increases the coverage of all CAP from 10.8% (PCV13) to 17.0%. Conclusion: Compared to earlier pneumococcal vaccines, PCV20 expands the coverage of all-cause CAP. Routine diagnostic tests underestimate the proportion of CAP caused by Spn