Impact of feeding dried distillers’ grains with solubles diet on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle

Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) are rich in nutrients, and partially alternative feeding of DDGS effectively reduces cost of feed and improves animals’ growth. We used 16S rDNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics to explore the effect of feeding cattle with a basal diet (BD) and a Jiang-flavor DDGS diet (replaces 25% concentrate of the diet) on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle. The results showed that the ruminal and cecal contents shared the same dominance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in two groups. The ruminal dominant genera were Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010; and the cecal dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LDA > 2, P < 0.05) revealed the significantly differential bacteria enriched in the DDGS group, including Ruminococcaceae_UCG_012, Prevotellaceae_UCG_004 and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents, which was associated with degradation of plant polysaccharides. Besides, Anaerosporobacter, Anaerovibrio, and Caproiciproducens in the cecal contents were involved in fatty acid metabolism. Compared with the BD group, 20 significantly different metabolites obtained in the ruminal contents of DDGS group were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and based on them, 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including “Linoleic acid metabolism,” “Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,” “Taste transduction,” and “Carbohydrate digestion and absorption.” There were 65 significantly different metabolites (47 were upregulated, 18 were downregulated) in the cecal contents of DDGS group when compared with the BD group, and 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including “Longevity regulating pathway,” “Bile secretion,” “Choline metabolism in cancer,” and “HIF-1 signaling pathway.” Spearman analysis revealed close negative relationships between the top 20 significantly differential metabolites and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents. Bacteria with high relevance to cecal differential metabolites were Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Dielma, and Solobacterium that affect specific metabolic pathways in cattle. Collectively, our results suggest that feeding cattle with a DDGS diet improves the microbial structure and the metabolic patterns of lipids and carbohydrates, thus contributing to the utilization efficiency of nutrients and physical health to some extent. Our findings will provide scientific reference for the utilization of DDGS as feed in cattle industry

Allocation of Resources for Emergency Response to Coal-to-Oil Hazardous Chemical Accidents under Railway Transportation Mode

Railways of the National Energy Group using their own trains have become an important mode of transportation for coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals. Under the circumstances of the shortage of emergency resources and the coupling of multiple disasters, how to establish an effective and reasonable emergency resource allocation scheme for the railway transportation of dangerous chemicals from a disaster site is of great significance to the national task of ensuring safety for the transportation of energy. This paper focuses on the allocation of emergency rescue resources for railway transportation accidents involving coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals, considering the scenarios of the leakage of coal-to-oil, railway line damage, etc. According to the number of trapped people at the initial moment, the disaster situation and accident type, affected areas, etc., a multi-objective optimization model with the shortest response time of the emergency team and the lowest cost of transporting emergency materials along the railway transportation channel of coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals is constructed, based on the calculation method using the initial weight and the emergency weight assigned by the emergency rescue team. Furthermore, in order to avoid the problem of the weight of the local accident points being too small to participate in a rescue, a bee colony algorithm model based on pre-allocation was designed and compared with two traditional algorithms, allowing the realization of the search and selection of allocation methods. The analysis of the examples shows that the proposed method is efficient and fast, and the research results are practical and feasible, which can provide a scientific basis for the rapid decision of emergency rescue resource allocation in multi-disaster scenarios for large energy groups, and provide a reference for the allocation of public security emergency resources in the national emergency response

Allocation of Resources for Emergency Response to Coal-to-Oil Hazardous Chemical Accidents under Railway Transportation Mode

Railways of the National Energy Group using their own trains have become an important mode of transportation for coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals. Under the circumstances of the shortage of emergency resources and the coupling of multiple disasters, how to establish an effective and reasonable emergency resource allocation scheme for the railway transportation of dangerous chemicals from a disaster site is of great significance to the national task of ensuring safety for the transportation of energy. This paper focuses on the allocation of emergency rescue resources for railway transportation accidents involving coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals, considering the scenarios of the leakage of coal-to-oil, railway line damage, etc. According to the number of trapped people at the initial moment, the disaster situation and accident type, affected areas, etc., a multi-objective optimization model with the shortest response time of the emergency team and the lowest cost of transporting emergency materials along the railway transportation channel of coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals is constructed, based on the calculation method using the initial weight and the emergency weight assigned by the emergency rescue team. Furthermore, in order to avoid the problem of the weight of the local accident points being too small to participate in a rescue, a bee colony algorithm model based on pre-allocation was designed and compared with two traditional algorithms, allowing the realization of the search and selection of allocation methods. The analysis of the examples shows that the proposed method is efficient and fast, and the research results are practical and feasible, which can provide a scientific basis for the rapid decision of emergency rescue resource allocation in multi-disaster scenarios for large energy groups, and provide a reference for the allocation of public security emergency resources in the national emergency response

Partially Alternative Feeding with Fermented Distillers’ Grains Modulates Gastrointestinal Flora and Metabolic Profile in Guanling Cattle

Fermented distillers’ grains (FDG) are commonly used to enhance the health and metabolic processes of livestock and poultry by regulating the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research on the effects of the FDG diet on the gastrointestinal microbiota and its metabolites in cattle. This study examines the impact of FDG dietary supplements on the gastrointestinal flora and metabolic profile of Guanling cattle. Eighteen cattle were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with six replicates per group. The treatments included a basal diet (BD), a 15% concentrate replaced by FDG (15% FDG) in the basal diet, and a 30% concentrate replaced by FDG (30% FDG) in the basal diet. Each group was fed for a duration of 60 days. At the conclusion of the experimental period, three cattle were randomly chosen from each group for slaughter and the microbial community structure and metabolic mapping of their abomasal and cecal contents were analyzed, utilizing 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS technology, respectively. At the phylum level, there was a significant increase in Bacteroidetes in both the abomasum and cecum for the 30%FDG group (p p p p < 0.05). There is a noteworthy correlation between the diverse bacterial genera and metabolites found in the abomasal and cecal contents of Guanling cattle, as demonstrated by correlation analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that partially substituting FDG for conventional feed leads to beneficial effects on both the structure of the gastrointestinal microbial community and the metabolism of its contents in Guanling cattle. These findings offer a scientific point of reference for the further use of FDG as a cattle feed resource

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of feeding a dried distillers’ grains with solubles diet on the metabolism of the intestinal wall in Guanling crossbred cattle: a preliminary assessment.doc

Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diets are nutritious and can improve the inflammations and intestinal immunity in livestock. However, there is limited research examining the effect of feeding DDGS-based diets on changes in intestinal metabolites and related pathways in livestock. In this study, six Guanling crossbred cattle (Guizhou Guanling Yellow cattle × Simmental cattle) were selected and divided into a basal diet (BD) group and an experimental group fed with DDGS replacing 25% of the daily ration concentrates (DDGS) (n=3), respectively. Fresh jejunum (J), ileum (I) and cecum (C) tissues were collected for metabolomic analysis. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were explored by means of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. In comparison to the J-BD group, 123 differential metabolites (VIP > 1, p  1.3). Among them, 3 significant pathways were significantly enriched in the J-DDGS group, 11 significant pathways were significantly enriched in the I-DDGS group, and 20 significant pathways were significantly enriched in the C-DDGS group. Importantly, primary bile acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism correlated with intestinal inflammation and immunity by regulating gut microbiota, prostaglandin synthesis, and cell signaling. The data suggest that DDGS-fed cattle unregulated three metabolic pathways mentioned above and that a DDGS-based diet was able to maintain a balance of these three metabolic pathways, thus resulting in improvement of intestinal inflammation and enhanced immunity in cattle. In conclusion, the DDGS diet has the potential to improve intestinal inflammation and enhance the immunity of Guanling crossbred cattle by regulating the metabolic patterns of lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and related metabolic pathways. These results allude to potential metabolic regulatory mechanisms of DDGS diets and also provide a theoretical basis for the application of DDGS in livestock feed.</p