High-Efficiency Control of Gray Mold by the Novel SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Combined with a Reasonable Application Approach of Dipping Flower

In this study, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr was found to have strong inhibitory activity against gray mold caused by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. The sensitivity of <i>B. cinerea</i> to benzovindiflupyr was determined by testing 103 pathogen isolates with mean values of 2.15 ± 0.19 mg L^–1 and 0.89 ± 0.14 mg L^–1 for mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, benzovindiflupyr had excellent long-lasting protective activity. Unfortunately, there were positive correlations between benzovindiflupyr and boscalid (<i>r</i> = 0.3, <i>P</i> = 0.04) and between benzovindiflupyr and isopyrazam (<i>r</i> = 0.31, <i>P</i> = 0.04). In the field, cucumber flowers are susceptible to infection by <i>B. cinerea</i>. Benzovindiflupyr applied at 20 mg L^–1 by dipping flowers could successfully control cucumber gray mold, with the benzovindiflupyr dose of dipping flower application less than 1% of that of spraying application. Benzovindiflupyr combined with dipping flower application showed significant control of gray mold

The sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the development and growth of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i>.

<p>The sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the development and growth of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i>.</p

Feeding indices of fourth instar larvae of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> after treatment with cyantraniliprole.

<p>Feeding indices of fourth instar larvae of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> after treatment with cyantraniliprole.</p

Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Cyantraniliprole on the Development, Fecundity and Nutritional Physiology of the Black Cutworm <i>Agrotis ipsilon</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - Fig 6

<p>The amount of nutrients (a: carbohydrate, b: lipid, c: total protein) in fourth-instar larvae of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> (Mean ± SE) after treatment with sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole. Bars labeled with the same letters do not differ significantly (Student-Newman-Keuls test, <i>P</i>< 0.05).</p

Life expectancy (<i>e</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.

<p>Life expectancy (<i>e</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.</p

Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Cyantraniliprole on the Development, Fecundity and Nutritional Physiology of the Black Cutworm <i>Agrotis ipsilon</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - Fig 1

<p>Pupae weight of male and female of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> in parent population (a) and percentage of offspring eggs that hatched in the offspring population (b) after the parent fourth-instar larval stage was exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole. Bars labeled with the same letters do not differ significantly (a, 200,000 bootstraps; b, Student-Newman-Keuls test, <i>P</i>< 0.05).</p

Toxicity of cyantraniliprole on the fourth instar larvae of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i>.

<p>Toxicity of cyantraniliprole on the fourth instar larvae of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i>.</p

Age-stage specific reproductive values (<i>v</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.

<p>Age-stage specific reproductive values (<i>v</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.</p

The sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> parent population parameters.

<p>The sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> parent population parameters.</p

Age-stage specific survival rate (<i>s</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.

<p>Age-stage specific survival rate (<i>s</i>_<i>xj</i>) of <i>A</i>. <i>ipsilon</i> exposed to sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole.</p