Scalable deposition of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells by spray-coating

Spray-deposition is a low-cost, roll-to-roll compatible technique that could potentially replace spin-coating for the deposition of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, perovskite active layers were fabricated in air using an ultrasonic spray system and compared with equivalent spin-coated films. A chlorine-containing perovskite ink with a wide processing window coupled with an antisolvent extraction resulted in perovskite films with relatively rougher surfaces than those spin-coated. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3% was achieved with an average of 16.3% from 24 devices. Despite observing differences in film roughness and structure, the performance of sprayed perovskite solar cells was comparable to that of the spin-coated cells processed in an inert atmosphere, showing the versatility of perovskite processing

Complete chloroplast genome of <i>Artabotrys hexapetalus</i> (L.f.) Bhandari 1965 (Annonaceae)

Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari, 1965, an evergreen climbing shrub of significant value, is prominent in Chinese history and culture. The whole-gene sequencing of its chloroplast genome using Illumina pair-end sequencing data is conducted during this research. The complete chloroplast genome was determined to be 178,457 bp in size, separated by a large single copy (LSC) and a small single copy (SSC) region of 90,803 and 3,066 bp, respectively. A total of 134 genes were identified, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between A. hexapetalus and Artabotrys pilosus, forming a sister branch with 100% support. The study suggests that the chloroplast genome of A. hexapetalus provides valuable insights into its evolutionary history and will contribute to the conservation efforts of this species.</p

Interaction of FILIA with RNA.

<p>(A) The binding of FILIA or FILIA-N with poly-C or poly-U RNA. In panel (a), purified recombinant proteins (FILIA, FILIA-N, FILIA-NΔ12, FILIA-NΔ28 and FILIA-NΔ39) were detected by anti-6xHis antibody. Proteins are labeled on top and molecular mass of marker bands are shown on right. In panel (b), purified recombinant proteins were sequestered by poly-C ribonucleotide homopolymers and detected by anti-6xHis antibody. In panel (c), purified recombinant proteins were sequestered by poly-U ribonucleotide homopolymers and detected by anti-6xHis antibody. (B) Nova2-KH3/RNA complex (PDB code 1EC6) was superimposed onto FILIA-N. Proteins are colored as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030209#pone-0030209-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1(C)</a>, and the RNA molecule is shown in ribbon representation.</p

Features of the N-terminal extension.

<p>(A) Sequence alignment of FILIA-N from different mammals. Residues are colored and labeled as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030209#pone-0030209-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1(C)</a>. (B) Interaction of the N-terminal fragment (AA 2–12) with other parts of FILIA-N. The dominant and conserved residues within different mammals are shown in stick representation and labeled.</p

Semi-monolithic Integration of All-Chalcopyrite Multijunction Solar Conversion Devices via Thin-Film Bonding and Exfoliation

We report on a semi-monolithic integration method to circumvent processing incompatibility between materials of dissimilar classes and combine them into multijunction devices for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical applications. Proof-of-concept all-chalcopyrite tandems were obtained by consecutive transfer of fully integrated unpatterned 1.85 eV CuGa3Se5 and 1.13 eV CuInGaSe2 PV stacks from their Mo/soda lime glass substrates onto a new single host substrate. This transfer approach consists of two key steps: (1) bonding of the solar stack (face down) onto a handle (e.g., SnO2:F, FTO) using a transparent conductive composite and (2) delamination of the solar stack at the chalcopyrite/Mo interface by employing a wedge-based exfoliation technique. Upon transfer onto FTO, a CuGa3Se5 champion device demonstrated near-coincident photocurrent density–voltage characteristic with a baseline measurement. Then, the exfoliated CuGa3Se5 single-junction stack transferred onto FTO served as the new host onto which a second fully processed CuInGaSe2 stack was bonded (face down) onto and liberated from its Mo/SLG substrate, leading to a complete transfer of both sub-cells onto one FTO substrate. A champion semi-monolithic tandem device exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 5.04% with an open-circuit voltage, a short-circuit current density, and a fill factor of 1.24 V, 7.19 mA/cm2, and 56.7%, respectively. This first-time demonstration of a fully operational semi-monolithic device provides a new avenue to combine thermally, mechanically, and/or chemically incompatible thin-film material classes into tandem photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices while maintaining state-of-the-art sub-cell processing

Dimerization of FILIA-N.

<p>(A) Sedimentation velocity analysis of FILIA-N. The peak corresponds to a molecular mass of 29 KDa, indicating a dimer in solution. (B) Dimer in an asymmetric unit. Monomer1 is colored green from residues 40–117, and pale green from residues 2–39; monomer2 is colored magenta from residues 40–114, and light pink from residues 4–39 AA. (C) Interaction surface within dimer. Monomer1 of FILIA-N is shown represented by electrostatic surface potential, while monomer2 is shown in ribbon representation. The residues involved in the interaction between monomer1 and monomer2 are shown in stick representation and depicted in detail on the right picture. (D) Superposition of monomer1 and monomer2 of FILIA-N, colored as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030209#pone-0030209-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2(B)</a>. (E) Protein concentrations plotted versus radius for an AUC equilibrium experiment. 25.5, 15.3 and 10.2 µ<i>M</i> FILIA-N were spun at 15,000, 22,500 and 28,500 rpm at 4°C. The solid line showed a fit of the data to a model of a dimer with a molecular weight of 29,814 (rmsd of 0.005). The molecular weight of the monomer calculated from its sequence is 14,625 Da. Residuals are shown at the top of the plot. A SDS-PAGE gel of FILIA-N used in this experiment is also shown.</p

Intrinsic RNA pulled down by FILIA-N, FILIA-NΔ12 and FILIA.

<p>(A). FILIA-N and FILIA pull-down intrinsic RNA. Total RNA was purified from mice ovaries and incubated with FILIA-N, FILIA-NΔ12, FILIA, GST and Ni-NTA beads. The pull-down RNA and total RNA were separated by urea denatured PAGE and stained with SYBR Green II. The results were scanned with FLA 7000. (B). Repeating pull-down experiments. Pull-down lane 1 was RNA pulled down by FILIA-N from total ovarian RNA; Pull-down lane 2 was RNA pulled down by FILIA-N from the first residual RNA; Pull-down lane 3 was RNA pulled down by FILIA-N from the second residual RNA; After pull-down lane 1 was the first residual RNA; After pull-down lane 2 was the second residual RNA; After pull-down lane 3 was the third residual RNA.</p

X-ray crystallographic data and refinement statistics for FILIA-N.

Φ<p>ASU = asymmetric unit.</p><p>*Values in parentheses are for the highest resolution shell.</p>†<p>Rsym  =  Σ|I−<i>|/Σ<i>, where I is the observed intensity, and <i> is the average intensity of multiple observations of symmetry related reflections.</i></i></i></p><i><i><i>‡<p>R  =  Σhkl||Fobs|−|Fcalc||/Σhkl|Fobs|.</p>§<p>Rfree is calculated from 5% of the reflections excluded from refinement.</p></i></i></i

Role of Atropine (1 × 10^–6 mol·L^-1) in the vasodilation induced by compound 1.

<p>Use the endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Data are showed as mean ± S.E.M., n = 6, *P<0.05</p

Role of potassium channel in compound 1-induced relaxation.

<p>A. Role of glibenclamide (10^<b>−5</b> mol·L^<b>-1</b>) on no-endothelium aortic rings pre-stimulated by PE(10^<b>–6</b> mol·L^<b>-1</b>) in the vasodilation induced by compound <b>1</b>. B. Effect of TEA (5x10^<b>−6</b> mol·L-1) on compound <b>1</b> vasodilation. Data are showed as mean ± S.E.M., n = 6.</p