Visualization of NO generation in tomato roots exposed to carbon monoxide

(a) Visualization of NO in primary roots. Seedlings were treated with CO at 0, 10, and 50 μM for 24 h. After treatments, the seedling roots were loaded with 15 μM 4,5-diaminofluorescence (DAF-2DA) for 15 min and immediately photographed (bar = 5 mm). (b) Visualization of NO in lateral roots. Seedlings were treated with 0 and 10 μM CO for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h and then exposed to DAF-2DA for 15 min. After that, they were immediately photographed (bar = 10 mm).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of tomato lateral root development by carbon monoxide and involvement in auxin and nitric oxide"</p><p></p><p>Journal of Experimental Botany 2008;59(12):3443-3452.</p><p>Published online 24 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529230.</p><p></p

The amount of transcripts and proteins of tomato root LeHO-1 during the development of lateral roots exposed to CO

Tomato seedlings were grown hydroponically for 2 d after germination and then treated with 10 μM CO for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. (a) Analysis of transcripts by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. was used for cDNA normalization. The number below the band indicates relative abundance (RA) of with respect to the loading control actin. (b) Immunoblot analysis. Extracts from tomato roots were analysed by protein gel blotting using an antibody raised against LeHO-1 proteins. The molecular mass of the proteins is indicated on the right in kilodaltons. The results shown above were from one of the three independent experiments.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of tomato lateral root development by carbon monoxide and involvement in auxin and nitric oxide"</p><p></p><p>Journal of Experimental Botany 2008;59(12):3443-3452.</p><p>Published online 24 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529230.</p><p></p

CO regulation of the lateral root development of tomato (a, b, c), Arabidopsis (ecotypes, Landsberg ) (d), and rapeseed () (e)

Tomato seedlings were grown hydroponically for 2 d after germination and then treated with the indicated concentrations of CO for 4 d. (a) Photograph of tomato lateral root formation. (b) The number of tomato lateral roots (LR) exposed to different concentrations of CO. (c) Change of elongation of tomato primary root (PR) with different levels of CO. Values represent the mean of three independent experiments and vertical bars indicate standard deviations (=45 seedlings). Asterisks indicate that the mean values are significantly different between the CO treatments and controls ( <p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of tomato lateral root development by carbon monoxide and involvement in auxin and nitric oxide"</p><p></p><p>Journal of Experimental Botany 2008;59(12):3443-3452.</p><p>Published online 24 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529230.</p><p></p

Effect of 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the LR emergence of tomato mutant (LA2469A)

Seedlings were grown hydroponically for 2 d after germination and then treated with the indicated concentrations of NAA for 5 d. (a) The number of lateral roots (LR) exposed to the indicated concentrations of NAA. (b) Photograph of lateral root emergence. (c) Change of elongation of the primary root (PR). (d) Hypocotyl elongation. Values represent the mean of three independent experiments and vertical bars indicate standard deviations (=45 seedlings). Asterisks indicate that the mean values are significantly different between the NAA treatments and controls ( <p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of tomato lateral root development by carbon monoxide and involvement in auxin and nitric oxide"</p><p></p><p>Journal of Experimental Botany 2008;59(12):3443-3452.</p><p>Published online 24 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529230.</p><p></p

CO regulation of IAA accumulation and distribution in tomato root, leaf, and stem during lateral root development

Seedlings were grown hydroponically for 2 d after germination and then treated with the indicated concentrations of CO for 12 h. After that, the tissues were sampled and IAA was measured by HPLC. Values represent the mean of two independent experiments and vertical bars indicate the standard deviations (=90 seedlings). Asterisks indicate that the mean values are significantly different between the CO treatments and controls ( <p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of tomato lateral root development by carbon monoxide and involvement in auxin and nitric oxide"</p><p></p><p>Journal of Experimental Botany 2008;59(12):3443-3452.</p><p>Published online 24 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529230.</p><p></p

The analysis of transporters in the genome of <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> Ab3 compared with <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> 386B.

<p>The analysis of transporters in the genome of <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> Ab3 compared with <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> 386B.</p

Morphology of <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> Ab3 taken by scanning electron microscopy.

<p>Morphology of <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> Ab3 taken by scanning electron microscopy.</p

Comparative Genomics of <i>Acetobacterpasteurianus</i> Ab3, an Acetic Acid Producing Strain Isolated from Chinese Traditional Rice Vinegar Meiguichu

<div><p><i>Acetobacter pasteurianus</i>, an acetic acid resistant bacterium belonging to alpha-proteobacteria, has been widely used to produce vinegar in the food industry. To understand the mechanism of its high tolerance to acetic acid and robust ability of oxidizing ethanol to acetic acid (> 12%, w/v), we described the 3.1 Mb complete genome sequence (including 0.28 M plasmid sequence) with a G+C content of 52.4% of <i><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.10550" target="_blank">A. pasteurianus</a></i> Ab3, which was isolated from the traditional Chinese rice vinegar (Meiguichu) fermentation process. Automatic annotation of the complete genome revealed 2,786 protein-coding genes and 73 RNA genes. The comparative genome analysis among <i><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.10550" target="_blank">A. pasteurianus</a></i> strains revealed that <i>A</i>. <i>pasteurianus</i> Ab3 possesses many unique genes potentially involved in acetic acid resistance mechanisms. In particular, two-component systems or toxin-antitoxin systems may be the signal pathway and modulatory network in <i><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.10550" target="_blank">A. pasteurianus</a></i> to cope with acid stress. In addition, the large numbers of unique transport systems may also be related to its acid resistance capacity and cell fitness. Our results provide new clues to understanding the underlying mechanisms of acetic acid resistance in <i>Acetobacter</i> species and guiding industrial strain breeding for vinegar fermentation processes.</p></div

The putative TA system superfamily in the chromosome of acetic acid bacteria.

<p>The putative TA system superfamily in the chromosome of acetic acid bacteria.</p