Total, domain and facet QOL scores at 36 months after cancer diagnosis in association with <i>G. lucidum</i> use assessed at 6 and 36 months after cancer diagnosis, Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, 2002–2008.

<p>Note: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; QOL, quality of life.</p>a<p>Obtained from multiple linear regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, educational level, income, marital status, exercise participation, tea consumption, menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), vitamin supplement use, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, TNM stage, type of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen use, ER/PR status, recurrence/metastasis, and baseline total QOL.</p>*<p><i>P</i> value <0.05.</p

Adjusted mean differences^a in total QOL and domain QOL scores assessed at 36 months after cancer diagnosis by pattern and cumulative level of ginseng and <i>G. lucidum</i> use post-diagnosis, Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, 2002–2008.

<p>Note: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; QOL, quality of life.</p>a<p>Obtained from multiple linear regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, educational level, income, marital status, exercise participation, tea consumption, menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), vitamin supplement use, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, TNM stage, type of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen use, ER/PR status, recurrence/metastasis, and baseline total QOL. Participants who never reported having regularly used ginseng or <i>G. lucidum</i> on all three surveys served as the reference.</p

Associations of ginseng and <i>G. lucidum</i> use with total QOL and domain QOL scores assessed at 36 months after cancer diagnosis stratified by baseline total QOL score, Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, China, 2002–2008.

<p>Note: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; QOL, quality of life.</p>a<p>Obtained from multiple linear regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, educational level, income, marital status, exercise participation, tea consumption, menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), vitamin supplement use, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, TNM stage, type of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen use , ER/PR status, and recurrence/metastasis. Participants who never reported having regularly used ginseng or <i>G. lucidum</i> on all three surveys served as the reference.</p

Synthesis and bioevaluation of new tacrine-cinnamic acid hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease

<p>Small molecule cholinesterases inhibitor (ChEI) provides an effective therapeutic strategy to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, the discovery of new ChEI with multi-target effect is still of great importance. Herein, we report the synthesis, structure–activity relationship study and biological evaluation of a series of tacrine-cinnamic acid hybrids as new ChEIs. All target compounds are evaluated for their <i>in vitro</i> cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The representatives which show potent activity on cholinesterase, are evaluated for the amyloid β-protein self-aggregation inhibition and <i>in vivo</i> assays. The optimal compound <b>19</b>, <b>27</b>, and <b>30</b> (human AChE IC₅₀ = 10.2 ± 1.2, 16.5 ± 1.7, and 15.3 ± 1.8 nM, respectively) show good performance in ameliorating the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment and preliminary safety in hepatotoxicity evaluation. These compounds deserve further evaluation for the development of new therapeutic agents against AD.</p

<b>Association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent incidence of cancer: a longitudinal population-based cohort</b>

ObjectiveDiabetes presenting at younger age has more aggressive nature. We aimed to explore the association of age at type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis with subsequent cancer incidence in a large Chinese population.Research design and methodsThe prospective population-based longitudinal cohort included 428,568 newly diagnosed T2DM patients from 2011 to 2018. Participants were divided into six groups according to their age at diagnosis: 20-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, ≥75. The incidence of overall and 14 site-specific cancers were compared to Shanghai general population including 100,649,346 person-years.ResultsA total of 18,853 and 582,643 overall cancer cases were recorded in the T2DM cohort and the general population. The age-standardized rate of overall cancer in T2DM patients was 501 (95% CI: 491, 511) per 100,000 person years and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.10 (1.09, 1.12). Younger age at T2DM diagnosis was associated with higher incidence of overall and site-specific cancers. SIRs for overall cancer with T2DM diagnosis at ages 20-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, and ≥75 years were 1.48 (1.41, 1.54), 1.30 (1.25, 1.35), 1.19 (1.15, 1.23), 1.16 (1.12, 1.20), 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) and 0.86 (0.84, 0.89) respectively. Similar trends were observed for site-specific cancers including respiratory, colorectum, stomach, liver, pancreatic, bladder, CNS, kidney, gallbladder cancer, and lymphoma among both males and females.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the necessity of stratifying management for T2DM according to age of diagnosis. As with a range of vascular outcomes, age-standardised cancer risks are greater in younger compared to later onset T2DM.</p

Overview of the study design.

<p>Overview of the study design.</p

Summary of results for the three SNPs showing a statistically or marginally significant association in all four stages with breast cancer risk, the Asia Breast Cancer Consortium.

a<p>Effect/reference alleles based on forward strand.</p>b<p>From NCBI genome build 36.</p>c<p>Effect allele frequency in controls.</p>d<p>Adjusted for age and study sites.</p

A regional plot of the −log₁₀P-values for SNPs at 6q25.1.

<p>The LD is estimated using data from HapMap Asian population. Also shown are the SNP Build 36 coordinates in kilobases (Kb), recombination rates in centimorgans (cM) per megabase (Mb) and genes in the region (below) based on the March 2006 UCSC genome browser assembly.</p

Selected characteristics of studies participating in the Asia Breast Cancer Consortium.

a<p>See the methods section for the full names of participating studies.</p>b<p>Mean value for cases/controls.</p>c<p>Percentage for cases/controls.</p>d<p>Significant at α = 0.01 level.</p

ORs per risk allele and 95% CIs for breast cancer associated with three SNPs by study site and ethnicity.

<p>A: rs9485372, B: rs9383951; and C: rs7107217.</p