Oxidative balance score and dietary phytochemical index can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in Iranian population

BackgroundNo previous study has assessed the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with colorectal cancer (CRC) simultaneously. Therefore, this study investigated the association between OBS and DPI with the odds of CRC among the Iranian population.MethodsThis hospital-based age and sex-matched case-control study was conducted between September 2008 and January 2010 (142 controls and 71 cases were entered for analysis). New diagnosed CRC cases were selected from the Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran. Dietary intakes were determined by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Then, dietary indices were calculated by food items and nutrient intake. Logistic regression was utilized for assessing the tertiles of OBS and DPI.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, OBS was associated with a 77 reduction in CRC odds in the last tertile than the first tertile (odds ratio (OR) = 0.23, confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.72, P-trend = 0.017). Also, we found a 64 reduction in CRC odds in the last tertile of DPI compared to the first tertile (OR = 0.36, CI: 0.15-0.86, P-trend = 0.015).ConclusionsA diet rich in phytochemicals and anti-oxidants, including fruits and vegetables (citrus fruits, colored berries, and dark-green leafy vegetables) and whole grains, may reduce the CRC odds

Characterisation and thermodynamic calculations of biodegradable Mg–2.2Zn–3.7Ce and Mg–Ca–2.2Zn–3.7Ce alloys

In the present study, the effect of Ca (0.5–6 wt-%) content on the microstructure, phase formation, and mechanical properties and in vitro degradation behaviour of Mg–2.2Zn–3.7Ce alloys were investigated. Microstructural analysis and thermodynamic calculations also showed that Mg–2.2Zn–3.7Ce alloy contain α-Mg, Mg12Ce and CeMgZn2, while after adding 0.5 wt-% Ca to Mg–2.2Zn–3.7Ce alloy, IM1 (Ca3MgxZn15−x) (4.6 ≤ x ≤ 12) phase was detected. Further addition of Ca to 6 wt-% resulted in forming Mg2Ca besides α-Mg, Mg12Ce and IM1 with the absence of CeMgZn2. The tensile strength and elongation of the Mg–Ca–2.2Zn–3.7Ce alloys increase with increasing Ca content up to 1.5 wt-%, while further addition of Ca to 6 wt-% has a reversed effect. Similarly, the degradation rate of the alloys increased first with increasing Ca content and then decreased

Dietary quality index and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Diet quality is a significant determinant in the etiology of breast cancer (BrCa), but further studies are required to explore this relationship. Therefore, we tried to assess if diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), was related to BrCa among the Iranian population. METHODS: In the present case-control research, 134 women with a recent diagnosis of BrCa and 267 without BrCa were selected as case and control groups. Individual food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire was used to compute DQI-I. Also, the multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between DQI-I and BrCa odds . RESULTS: We found a significant association between the last tertile of DQI-I and BrCa odds in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95 confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.56). The subgroup analysis based on menopausal status also showed a significant decrease in BrCa odds in pre-and post-menopausal women (pre-menopausal: OR = 0.27; 95 CI: 0.10-0.70 - post-menopausal status: OR = 0.35; 95 CI: 0.13-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that a higher DQI-I score was related to a lower chance of BrCa. According to our research, a healthy diet pattern is crucial for BrCa prevention

Mechanochemistry approach to produce in-situ tungsten borides and carbides nanopowders: experimental study and modeling

Mechanically-induced self-sustaining reactions (MSRs) in WO3–B2O3–Mg–C powder mixtures were investigated in terms of reductant content. Also, two different predictive intelligent-based techniques including Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) were developed to estimate the structural features of the mechanosynthesized powders, where different statistical analysis were performed to prove the precision and robustness of proposed models. The phase compositions were changed as the concentration of ductile reductant (Mg) reduced in the system. Accordingly, the fraction of crystalline phases was dramatically altered after the leaching process. The structural assessment showed that the dislocation density significantly varied as the graphite content increased, however, the rate of these alterations was not linear. FESEM observations indicated that the leached product had a typical flower-like cluster configuration, which consisted of loosely organized nano-sheets with a side length and thickness of around 250 and 12 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the results achieved from the intelligent-based techniques showed that both ANFIS and ANN are very powerful in estimating the structural characteristics of the mechanosynthesized powders. However, ANFIS was more accurate than MLP-ANN