Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 6 (NEK6) genes are upregulated in erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma yet studies that have investigated the relationship between erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma have usually focused on symptom-related evidence or polymorphisms. There are no epigenetic gene expression studies on this topic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma to identify whether there is a genetic predisposition for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The Human Epigenetic Chromatin Modification Enzyme RT 2 Profiler™ PCR array (PAHS-085A) was used to detect the expression of 84 key genes encoding enzymes. This was carried out prospectively for samples from 60 patients (20 patients as a control group, 20 patients with erosive esophagitis and 20 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma). AURKA, AURKB, NEK6 were expressed at significantly higher levels in esophageal adenocarcinoma compared to the control group. MBD2 was expressed at significantly lower levels in the esophageal adenocarcinoma group compared to the control group. AURKA, AURKC, HDAC9 and NEK6 were expressed at significantly higher levels in erosive esophagitis compared to the control group. There was no difference in upregulated gene expression between the erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma. MBD2 was significantly downregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma compared to erosive esophagitis. NEK6 and AURKA were significantly upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma and erosive esophagitis compared to the control group. This is a novel study on the genetic predisposition for erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma. AURKA and NEK6 are two promising genetic markers for erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Spatial Reflections of Population Movements in Gokceada and Sustainable Tourism

Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey Gokceada has experienced many population movements due to various internal and external factors. While some of the citizens of the Island who were the inhabitants of the traditional settlements left, they were replaced by new dwellers. This transformation in the population undoubtedly has paved the way for certain changes in the cultural and spatial structure. Besides all these changes, the demand for tourism in the Island has increased recently. Yet, there is a general expectation that the unique natural beauty and historical heritage of the Island should be preserved, and for this reason the quality of tourism has an immense significance in terms of preserving its natural areas, and its history as a social memory. In this study, population movements have occurred since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey is evaluated with respect to the preservation of the cultural heritage and sustainability of tourism. For this purpose, a literature search, an analysis of the population data and the assessment of field surveys have been carried out