農産物の最適貿易政策―最大値原理の応用による動学的最適化の視点から―

A reaction of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dibromide with white phosphorus in the presence of NaBPh4 selectively gives phosphorous acid H3PO3. The mechanism of the formation involves coordination of a white phosphorus molecule, ligand exchange, and hydrolysis of the coordinated P4 molecule in the coordination sphere of palladium. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Electrochemical reactions of white phosphorus

The main electrochemical transformations of elemental (white) phosphorus were considered. Special attention was given to the recently developed processes of preparation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) with phosphorus-carbon bonds. The electrochemical approaches to the synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus using organonickel and organozinc reagents are described. The importance of using the electrochemical methods for the generation of highly reactive phosphorus intermediates was shown for phosphine oxide H3PO obtained for the first time. This provides significant prospects for the electrochemical approaches that could be applied for the development of technologies of the chlorine-free synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Activation and transformation of white phosphorus by palladium(ii) complexes

A reaction of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dibromide with white phosphorus in the presence of NaBPh4 selectively gives phosphorous acid H3PO3. The mechanism of the formation involves coordination of a white phosphorus molecule, ligand exchange, and hydrolysis of the coordinated P4 molecule in the coordination sphere of palladium. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Selective synthesis of nanosized palladium phosphides from white phosphorus

The reaction of white phosphorus with the palladium(0) complex [Pd 2(dba)3] (dba is dibenzylideneacetone) leads to stable associates [Pd(P4)]n. The coordination polymer obtained is stabilized in a solid state via the formation of nanosized palladium phosphides Pd3P2 and Pd6P with average particle sizes of 140 and 65 nm, respectively. © 2011 Mendeleev Communications. All rights reserved

Electrochemical reactions of white phosphorus

The main electrochemical transformations of elemental (white) phosphorus were considered. Special attention was given to the recently developed processes of preparation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) with phosphorus-carbon bonds. The electrochemical approaches to the synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus using organonickel and organozinc reagents are described. The importance of using the electrochemical methods for the generation of highly reactive phosphorus intermediates was shown for phosphine oxide H3PO obtained for the first time. This provides significant prospects for the electrochemical approaches that could be applied for the development of technologies of the chlorine-free synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Electrochemical reactions of white phosphorus

The main electrochemical transformations of elemental (white) phosphorus were considered. Special attention was given to the recently developed processes of preparation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) with phosphorus-carbon bonds. The electrochemical approaches to the synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus using organonickel and organozinc reagents are described. The importance of using the electrochemical methods for the generation of highly reactive phosphorus intermediates was shown for phosphine oxide H3PO obtained for the first time. This provides significant prospects for the electrochemical approaches that could be applied for the development of technologies of the chlorine-free synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Electrochemical reactions of white phosphorus

The main electrochemical transformations of elemental (white) phosphorus were considered. Special attention was given to the recently developed processes of preparation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) with phosphorus-carbon bonds. The electrochemical approaches to the synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus using organonickel and organozinc reagents are described. The importance of using the electrochemical methods for the generation of highly reactive phosphorus intermediates was shown for phosphine oxide H3PO obtained for the first time. This provides significant prospects for the electrochemical approaches that could be applied for the development of technologies of the chlorine-free synthesis of OPCs from white phosphorus. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Selective synthesis of nanosized palladium phosphides from white phosphorus

The reaction of white phosphorus with the palladium(0) complex [Pd 2(dba)3] (dba is dibenzylideneacetone) leads to stable associates [Pd(P4)]n. The coordination polymer obtained is stabilized in a solid state via the formation of nanosized palladium phosphides Pd3P2 and Pd6P with average particle sizes of 140 and 65 nm, respectively. © 2011 Mendeleev Communications. All rights reserved

Selective synthesis of nanosized palladium phosphides from white phosphorus

The reaction of white phosphorus with the palladium(0) complex [Pd 2(dba)3] (dba is dibenzylideneacetone) leads to stable associates [Pd(P4)]n. The coordination polymer obtained is stabilized in a solid state via the formation of nanosized palladium phosphides Pd3P2 and Pd6P with average particle sizes of 140 and 65 nm, respectively. © 2011 Mendeleev Communications. All rights reserved

Safety of Use of Russian Biosimilars of Interferon Beta-1b in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: a Meta-analysis of Original Studies

Presently, an active search for  modern drugs for  the  treatment of multiple sclerosis is ongoing. Since  the  treatment with original drugs is expensive, therefore, the  development of local biosimilars is underway, which at a lower  cost should be effective and safe  as original ones. The aim of the study  is to compare the  safety of foreign preparations of interferon beta-1b (Betaferon and  Ekstavia) with Russian biosimilars (Ronbetal®, Infibeta®) in the  treatment of multiple sclerosis to ensure the  possibility of import substitution. In the  present study the  safety of domestic interferon beta-1b biosimilars in the  treatment of multiple sclerosis was studied using a meta-analysis method. There were 3 studies included in the meta-analysis. A total of 778 people participated in the  study. The average age of the  subjects was 35.92 ± 9.57 years. The main inclusion criteria were a reliable diagnosis of remittent or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with exacerbations, an  EDSS score  less  than 5.5. The  subjects were  divided into 2 groups: the first group received therapy with the  Russian biosimilars of interferon beta-1b (Ronbetal®, Infibeta®), the  second — the  foreign ones (Betaferon, Extavia) in therapeutic doses. The duration of therapy was at least 6 weeks. Results. A meta-analysis of three studies showed the  following data: the difference in the frequency of local complications such as hyperemia in patients who received Russian and  foreign interferon beta-1b analogues statistically insignificant, the  relative risk is 1.243 (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the frequency of influenza-like syndrome were  also  detected: the  relative risk is 1.459 (p > 0.05). Conclusion. This  study has increased the power of the evidence base in the application of Russian biosimilars. The conducted meta-analysis showed the absence of a statistically significant difference in the incidence of such side effects as the  injection site hyperemia and the  influenza-like syndrome in domestic biosimilars of interferon beta-1b compared with foreign ones